Salivary juices

N.A. Picrasma exeelsa (Sw.) Planch. Quassinoid (quassin), alkaloids, coumarin (scopoletin), vitamin B,.09 Strengthen digestive systems, increase bile flow, secretion of salivary juices, and stomach acid production. 

On the salivary juices and their role in the practices of the Scripture of the Yellow Court see Robinet, Taoist Meditation, 90-94. 

The fact that amino acid excretion patterns (p. 111), amino acid salivary patterns (p. 65), and amino acid duodenal juice patterns (p. 68) are distinctive for each individual is in line with the idea of distinctive needs. That there are wide ranges (presumably distinctive for each individual) in the content of blood plasma (p. 60) with respect to individual amino acid points in the same direction. 

Histamine also evokes a copious secretion of highly acidic gastric juice from the gastric glands at doses below those that influence blood pressure (32). This effect of histamine is mediated through 2 receptors on the parietal cells. The importance of this effect in scombroid poisoning is not knowi. Histamine also has some stimulant actions on salivary, pancreatic, intestinal, bronchial, and lacrimal secretions (32), but these effects are relatively unimportant. 

Mechanism of Action A G1 ant ispasmodic and ant ichol inergic agent that inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic (muscarinic) receptor sites. Therapeutic Effect Decreases secretions (bronchial, salivary, sweat gland) and gastric juices and reduces motility of G1 and urinary tract. 

Price Evans (E7) found a good correlation between the titer of blood group substances and the fucose concentration in gastric juice of persons with established blood group and salivary ABH secretor status. 

G26. Glass, G. B. J., and Boyd, L. J., Studies on dissolved mucin of the gastric juice. IV. Relationship of the mucoid of the visible gastric mucus, its split products, and the salivary mucin to the dissolved gastric mucoproteose and mucoprotein of the gastric juice. Bull. N. Y. Med. Coll. Flower Fifth Ave. Hosp. 12, 1-33 (1949). 

The intragastrically neutralized juices resembled those of pernicious anemia and showed many more lines than gastric juices neutralized in vitro. Since salivary contamination was avoided, both saliva and gastric juice apparently contained immunologically common components, which undergo rapid destruction in the presence of acid and pepsin, even if only a few minutes have elapsed between the secretion of the acid and its neutralization in vitro. 

B. Lactose and sucrose are digested by disaccharidases on the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells. Starch is digested by salivary and pancreatic amylase. Therefore, its digestion would be less affected by a lack of pancreatic juice than fat, which is digested mainly by pan-creatic lipase. A common finding in cystic fibrosis is steatorrhea (fatty stools). 

One of the main functions of salivary pellicle is protection of the enamel from acidic attack. For example, recent studies have demonstrated that the presence of a salivary pellicle drastically reduced erosion of enamel by an acidic cola drink [49] and by orange juice [50, 51]. The pellicle appears to act as a... 

Moreover, the fact that the mechanical actions play no rdle in the elaboration of the digestive juices had already been proved by Bidder and Schmidt, who had found, with a dog provided with a gastric fistula, that the escape of juice could be produced by the simple sight of the nourishment, simply by reason of the desire to eat. This observation remained for a long time without confirmation, although it was in complete agreement with the data then possessed on salivary secretion. Taken up again by Pawlow and his pupils, it served as the basis for a whole series of extensive studies relative to psychic influences on secretions. 

In vitro experiments have shown that cyclotetraglucose dissolved in Bis-Tris buffer (50 mmol/l) is not degraded by human salivary or porcine pancreatic a-amylase or by artificial gastric juice (pH 2). Only 0.7% of cyclotetraglucose incurred ring opening during a 3-h incubation period with an acetone powder preparation of the rat intestinal mucosa to form a linear tetrasaccharide (Hashimoto et al., 2006). 

Lipase is present in several digestive juices in addition to pancreatic juice. It is present in saliva (8-12), although it is possible that some of the lipase activity ascribed to salivary lipase may result from the presence of microorganisms (13). The presence of gastric lipase, first described by Marcet in 1858 (I), has often been disputed. Nevertheless, there appears to be substantial evidence in favor of the existence of a true gastric lipase in both gastric juice and mucosa (14r-18). The intestinal secretions contain lipase (19-22). 

Chymotrypsin, trypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase are excretory secretion products of two organs combined into one anatomical structure the endocrine pancreas, which elaborates insulin, and the exocrine pancreas, which secretes the pancreatic juice. Histologically, the exocrine pancreas resembles the salivary glands. The unique feature of the exocrine pancreatic cell is the zymogen granules, the formation and secretion of which are discussed in another section of this book. 

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