Saliva detection

Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry. In blood or saliva detection limit 25 pg—K. Kishida et al, Analyt. Lett. (Parts), 1981,74,335-347. 

Enzyme Immunoassay. In plasma or saliva detection limit 4 pg—A. Turkes et al.. Steroids, 1979,33, 347-359. 

The indazole alkaloid Nigellidine (269) (Scheme 88) which was described as a zwitterion, was detected in the seeds of Nigella saliva L. (Ranunculaceae) (95TL1993), which is an erect annual plant found in South Asia and is widely cultivated. The seeds are commonly believed to have carminative, stimulatory and diaphoretic properties (75PHA2759). An X-ray single crystal analysis was performed on the methyl chloride. It is... 

GC/FID has been used for quantifying sulfur volatiles such as hydrogen sulfide in human saliva (Solis and Volpe 1973). This method included microcoulometric titrations and a procedure for incubation of saliva and sampling of headspace sulfur volatile components. The amount of total sulfur volatiles detected in control samples of saliva incubated at 37°C for 24 hours ranged from 4.55 to 13.13 ppm. 

Methods for Determining Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect. Methods are available for measuring hydrogen sulfide in expired air (Blanchette and Cooper 1976 NIOSH 1977a) blood (Puacz et al. 1995) saliva (Solis and Volpe 1973) and brain, liver, and kidney tissue (Mitchell et al. 1993). Available methods are accurate and reliable for most media. Although available methods can detect and quantify background levels of hydrogen sulfide in the population, there is no current ability to quantitatively correlate levels in blood or other tissues with environmental exposure levels, therefore, methods are needed that can quantitatively correlate levels in blood and other tissues with environmental exposure levels. 

The structures of luminol derivatives used for HPLC-CL detection are shown in Figure 7A. Analytes labeled with luminol derivatives can be detected using hydrogen peroxide and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) under alkaline conditions after HPLC separation (Table 1). For example, ibuprofen in saliva [34], saturated... 

Thiocyanate Human urine, saliva Dilution with water then filtration (0.45 pm) Ion chromatography utilizing ODS column coated with cetyl-dimethylamine and with UV absorbance (210 nm) detection 20 ng/mL 95-101 Michigami et al. 1992... 

There are medical tests to determine whether you have been exposed to chlordecone and/or its breakdown product, chlordecone alcohol. Levels of chlordecone and/or chlordecone alcohol can be measured in blood, saliva, feces, or bile. Chlordecone levels in blood are the best indicator of exposure to chlordecone. Since chlordecone remains in the blood for a long time, the test is useful for a long time after exposure has stopped. Chlordecone can be detected in saliva only within the first 24 hours after exposure therefore, this test has limited use. Blood levels of chlordecone are a good reflection of total body content of chlordecone. However, the test is an unsatisfactory indicator of the amount of chlordecone to which you have been exposed because you cannot be sure how much chlordecone left your body between the time you were exposed and the time the test is performed. These tests cannot predict how your health may be affected after exposure. The tests are not done in routine medical examinations, but doctors can collect body fluid samples and send them to a university medical center or a medical laboratory for analysis. Refer to Chapters 2 and 6 for more information. 

Blood is a better indicator of exposure to chlordecone than is saliva (Borzelleca and Skalsky 1980 Skalsky et al. 1980). Chlordecone has been detected in saliva of humans only in trace amounts and in rats at concentrations three to four times lower than in blood (Guzelian et al. 1981 Skalsky et al. 1980). Peak chlordecone concentrations occurred within the first 24 hours of exposure therefore, the period of utility of saliva as a biomarker is limited. The movement of chlordecone from the blood into the saliva is one of passive diffusion and is not concentration dependent (Borzelleca and Skalsky 1980 Skalsky et al. 1980). Thus, blood is a better biological material than saliva for monitoring exposure. 

FRET to occur, and thus no FI emission is observed. The specificity of this assay was also examined for mixed samples. The mixed lysozyme samples were prepared in fetal bovine serum (FBS), human saliva and human urine. It was found that FAM emission was still visible upon addition of each mixed sample, implying that this assay has a great potential for the detection of real biological samples. This study illuminates that introduction of specific aptamer/protein interaction as the recognition event, and utilization of FRET as the signal transduction channel, is an effective way to develop CPE-based protein sensors with good specificity. 

Carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) can be detected in most mammalian tissues. Besides organs with high carboxylesterase activity such as liver, kidney, and small intestine, esterase activity is present, e.g., in the brain, nasal mucosa, lung, testicle, and saliva. Compared to rat plasma, human plasma contains little carboxylesterase, its esterase activity being essentially due to cholinesterase [61][73][79][89-91],... 

Venza and colleagues (2001) applied fluorescence detection using OPA-2-mercaptoethanol to analyze SP, SPD, and PUT in saliva samples using reverse-phase chromatography. Detection hmits reported were 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 nmol/ml for SP, SPD, and PUT respectively. 

Mancinelli and colleagues (1999) reported the simultaneous determination of 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and N-methyl-l-(l,3-benzdioxol-5-yl)-2-butamine (MBDB) by RP-HPLC with fluorometric detection. The method required a 100 pi sample volume of serum, urine, or saliva separation was achieved on a LiChrospher lOORP-18 analytical column using an acetonitrile/water mobile phase (pH 11.4) set at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The LLOQ and LLOD were 50 and 10 ng/ml respectively. 

Venza M, Visalli M, Cicciu D, Teti D. 2001. Determination of polyamines in human saliva by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B 757 111-117. 

Nasopharyngeal intubation may increase saliva production and swallowing, hence diluting retrieved refluxate. No unconjugated bile detected here. 

Saliva The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid has been studied for many years [266]. While the ease and noninvasiveness with which a sample can be obtained make this matrix attractive to the medical community, the use of saliva to detect exposures of persons to environmental contaminants has not been investigated in many studies. However, it has been established that the measurement of cotinine, an indicator of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, in saliva is correlated with concentrations of cotinine in serum [267]. 

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