Salinity recent

Global climate change is having an impact on sea surface temperatures and salinities. Recent research has identified a systematic decline in mixed layer salinities at high latitudes (-0.03 to -0.2%o) and an increase at low latitudes (h-0.1 to -t0.4%o) between the... 

Previous investigators have shown that by replacing petroleum sulfonates with the ethoxylated sulfonate EOR-200, the optimal salinity can be increased to as high as 32% NaCl brine (Table 1). These results demonstrated that the mixed petroleum sulfonates and ethoxylated sulfonates or alcohol formulations are promising candidates for reservoirs containing formation water of high salinity. Recently,... 

In the 1990s, the thmst of surfactant flooding work has been to develop surfactants which provide low interfacial tensions in saline media, particularly seawater require less cosurfactant are effective at low concentrations and exhibit lower adsorption on rock. Nonionic surfactants such as alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates (215) and propoxylates (216), and alcohol propoxylates (216) have been evaluated for this appHcation. More recently, anionic surfactants have been used (216—230). 

Evaporite deposition is a much more episodic process and thus difficult to quantify. Because seawater is significantly undersaturated with respect to common evaporitic minerals, like gypsum and halite, evaporites are only formed when restricted circulation develops in an ocean basin in which evaporation exceeds precipitation. A geologically recent example is the Mediterranean Sea of 5-6 Myr ago. At this time excess evaporation exceeded the supply of ocean water through shallow inlet(s) from the Atlantic Ocean. As salinity increased, first CaS04, then NaCl precipitated. Over time, salt deposits 2-3 km thick formed. This thickness represents about 40 desiccations of the entire... 

Salinity is another major limiting factor in agriculture affecting a large area of cultivated land, and with increasing irrigation salinity stress has become more widespread. In recent years there has been increased interest... 

The patient was admitted to the hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of health care-associated pneumonia (based on the recent hospitalization). He received intravenous hydration with normal saline, 5 L oxygen via face mask, an insulin infusion to control his glucose, and empirical antimicrobial therapy with piperacillin-tazobactam 2.25 g intravenously every 6 hours and vancomycin 1 g intravenously every 24 hours. All other medications are continued with the exception of the diabetes medications. 

When the simulation of deep-well temperatures, pressures, and salinities is imposed as a condition, the number of codes that may be of value is reduced to a much smaller number. Nordstrom and Ball121 recommend six references as covering virtually all the mathematical, thermodynamic, and computational aspects of chemical-equilibrium formulations (see references 123-128). Recent references on modeling include references 45, 63, 70, 129, and 130. 

In the absence of Ca, it has been claimed that adsorption of PAM on kaolinite takes place only on the lateral surface while the basal surface is nonadsorbent (22). However, even though adsorption may take place predominantly on the edge surface due to the presence of the more reactive aluminols, this does not exclude some adsorption on the basal surface. In fact, some recent studies which are in progress have indicated the adsorption of PAM on the kaolinite basal surface (23). For HP AM at low salinities, however, adsorption takes place only on the more reactive aluminols of the edge surface (23). 

Although several types of fluorescent beads were proposed as a microscopic fluorescence standard 30 years ago,2 beads have not been used as a proteinembedding matrix for routine IHC on FFPE tissue. We recently tested primary coated beads ( Dynabeads, Dynal, New York) that are coated with a goat anti-mouse antibody on the surface of the beads. In the first experiment, a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin 7 (DAKO, 50pL/34.5pg) was bound to the beads by incubating with the beads (150 pL at a concentration of 109 beads/1 pL) at 4°C in a cold room with an automatic shaker for overnight. Incubation was followed by three phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) washes,... 

Claims have recently been made61 that the dextran of L. mesenteroides may serve as an efficient substitute for blood plasma. Solutions of partially-hydrolyzed dextran in saline gave favorable results when injected intravenously into experimental animals. Preliminary clinical tests were promising. 

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