Salicylic acid adverse effects

Aspirin (Figure 15.12) is one of the most frequendy used painkillers in the world. It is also able to reduce inflammation and fever and a low dose taken on a daily basis over the age of 50 may prevent heart attacks. It is derived from another acid, salicylic acid, which can be obtained from willow bark. Salicylic acid has the same medicinal properties as aspirin and has been known since 1829. Salicylic acid, however, caused stomach bleeding. The conversion of salicylic acid to aspirin reduced these problems, but aspirin still has some adverse effects on the stomach if taken in excess. 

Many topical agents are used to manage seborrheic dermatitis. Depending on what area of the body is affected, the pharmacist or other health professional can assist in selection of proper vehicles (i.e., solutions or shampoos for the scalp). Ingredients such as selenium sulfide, salicylic acid, and coal tar can help soften and remove the scales. Seborrheic dermatitis responds very quickly to low-potency topical corticosteroid preparations, but judicious use is important to avoid long-term adverse effects. Topical ketoconazole 2% can also be used to help control the yeast colonization. ... 

Hydroxyl Generally reduces adsorbability extent of decrease depends on structure of host molecule. Adverse effect is great when introduced into propionic acid slight decrease in adsorption when introduced into benzoic acid to form salicylic acid. 

A review of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of the compound methyl salicylate reported that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for reproductive toxicity was 75 to 100 mg/kg daily, similar to that of salicylic acid (Belsito et al. 2007). 

A review of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of methyl salicylate indicated that, under conditions of sufficient exposure, there is a pattern of embryotoxicity and teratogenesis that is similar to that caused by comparable doses of salicylic acid. The abnormalities included neural tube defects and malformations of the skeleton and viscera. Studies of orally administered methyl salicylate indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for reproductive toxicity is 75-100 mg/kg daily, which is a level consistent with data from subchronic and chronic toxicity studies and is also consistent with the reproductive NOAEL for salicylic acid, which has been reported as 80 mg/kg daily (Belsito et al. 2007). 

Due to the larger risk of adverse effects and toxicity, certain medicines are not administered on the skin of young children, e.g. Salicylic acid is preferably not used on children younger than 2 years old and certainly not on large siufaces. Less potent corticosteroids are preferred as they are associated with a smaller risk of systemic adverse effects. Other options include a decreased dosing frequency to limit adverse effects e.g. apphcation every other day rather than every day. 

Toxic systemic effects have been reported for salicylic acid, resorcinol, lindane or mercury substances. These effects are related to the substance, the amount of preparation and the body surface area to which it is applied, the skin conditions and duration of treatment. Symptoms for systemic intoxications are for example headache, nausea and vomiting, convulsions, fall in blood pressure, kidney damage or metabolic acidosis. Apart from salicylic acid the mentioned substances are no longer used because of these systemic adverse effects and the limited therapeutic significance in cutaneous preparations. Especially infants and toddlers are susceptible for systemic adverse effects because their skin is thinner. Additionally, the relative body surface area in relation to body contents in children is larger than in adults. For salicylic acid in infants and toddlers the only indication is psoriasis. It should be used in low concentrations and on a limited body surface area. 

Chemical skin peeling with salicylic acid in ethanol or another vehicle may cause adverse effects of a stinging or burning sensation followed by postinflanunatory hyperpigmentation in treated areas. A formulation of 30 % salicylic acid in polyethylene glycol (SA-PEG) was tested in mice and 44 human volunteers [320, 321], It did... 

Platelet inhibitors are widely used in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. In addition to acetic salicylic acid (ASA), two major groups of platelet inhibitors are used phosphodiesterase inhibitors, including dipyridamole, and thienopyridines. Clopidogrel is the most widely used antiplatelet agent and in combination with ASA, it is the standard-of-care (SoC) for acute coronary s5mdromes and percutaneous coronary interventions. However, the mechanisms of action include pathways that affect the metabolic activity of bone cells and pharmacologic modulation of these pathways may have adverse effects on the bones. 

Adverse effects resulting from topical application and accidental ingestion of wintergreen oil have been reported. In the first case, symptoms of acute salicylism were observed (tinnitus, vomiting, and acid-base disturbance). Laryngeal edema resulted after accidental ingestion. Also see sweet birch oil. 

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