Saffron Crocus sativus

Pfister, S. et al.. Isolation and structure elucidation of carotenoid-glycosyl esters in gardenia fruits Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) and saffron (Crocus sativus Linne), J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 2612, 1996. 

International Standardization Organisation, Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), ISO 3632-1, Part 1, Specification, Geneva, 1993. 

Wouters, J. and Verhecken, A., The scale insect dyes species recognition by HPLC and diode-array analysis of the dyestuffs, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, 25, 393, 1989. International Standardization Organisation. ISO 3632-1 Specification Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), Part 1, Geneva, 1993. 

P.A. Tarantilis, G. Tsoupras and M. Polissiou, Determination of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) components in crude plant extract using high performance liquid chromatography UV visible photodiode array detection mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 699, 107 118 (1995). 

P. Lozano, M.R. Castellar, M.J. Simancas and J.L. Iborra, Quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic method to analyse commercial saffron (Crocus sativus L.) products, J. Chromatogr., A, 830, All 483 (1999). 

Saffron Crocus sativus Crocin, safranol Callus, organs ND [68-70]... 

Saffron (Crocus sativus L. Iridaceae) finds use in medicine as well as a flavoring and coloring agent. It has three main chemical compounds. The bright red coloring carotenoids a bitter taste, picrocrocin and a spicy... 

Saffron Crocus sativus L. Pistil of flower Spain... 

Saffron Crocus sativus Safranal (89), 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (90) 95,101... 

Indian saffron Crocus sativus Sumac Rhus species... 

AbduUaev FI. Cancer chemopreventive and tnmoricidal properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L). Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2002 227(l) 20-5. 

Crocus sativus (Saffron, Safranal). Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its active metabolite safranal display neuropharmacological effects with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective activity. Safranal decreases quinolinic acid-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, and prevents the decrease of hippocampal thiol redox and antioxidant status produced by quinolinic acid [242],... 

Tsimidou, M. and Biliaderis, C.G. Kinetic studies of saffron Crocus sativus L.) quality deterioration, /. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 2890,1997. 

Saffron (Crocus sativus) flowers Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) flesh Lettuce (Lactuca saliva) leaves Green fruits, vegetables, and flowers Vegetables and fruits processed under acid conditions and fermentation Rose hips (Rosa spp.)... 

Hosseinzadeh H, Ghenaati J (2006) Evaluation of the antitussive effect of stigma and petals of saffron (Crocus sativus) and its components, safranal and crocin in guinea pigs. Fitoterapia 77 446 48... 

Since ancient times, saffron Crocus sativus L., Mdaceae) has been widely used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations and also as a perfume or a dye. In addition, saffron has been used in folklore medicine. Egyptians used this medicinal plant for the treatment of diseases as recorded in the George Ebers papyrus (1500 B.C.). 

Salomi, M.J., Nair, S.C., and Panikkar, K.R., Inhibitory effects of Nigella. sativa and saffron (Crocus sativus) on chemical carcinogenesis in mice, Nutr. Cancer, 16, 67, 1991. 

Abdullaev, F.I., Cancer chemopreventive and tumoricidal properties of saffron Crocus sativus L.), Exp. Biol Med.(Maywood), 227, 20, 2002. 

Escribano, J. et al, Crocin, safranal and picrocrocin from saffron Crocus sativus L.) inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Lett., 100, 23, 1996. 

Garcia-Ohno, D.C. et al. Effects of long-term treatment of colon adenocarcinoma with crocin, a carotenoid from saffron Crocus sativus L.) an experimental study in the rat, Nutr. Cancer, 35,120,1999. 

Modaghegh, M.H., M. Shahabian, H.A. EsmaeUi, O. Rajbai, and H. Hosseinzadeh. 2008. Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine 15(12) 1032-1037. 

Premkumar, K., S.K. Abraham, S.T. Santhiya, P.M. Gopinath, and A. Ramesh. 2001. Inhibition of genotoxicity by saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in mice. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 24(4) 421-428. 

Abortifacient or potential harmful effects to a fetus typically require very high amounts of a botanical or botanical formula over a continuous period of time. Thus, ingesting small amounts of the herbs listed below during pregnancy, except in rare cases, is not a cause for alarm. In addition, some of the herbs listed below as abortifacients, such as saffron Crocus sativus), safflower Carthamus tinctorius), and Roman chamomile Chamaemelum nobile), may be safely used during pregnancy in amounts typically consumed in foods or beverages. 

Crodn (gardenin). Formula, see under crocetin. 4411 4024, Mr 976.98, brown-red needles, mp. 180-190°C (decomp.), soluble in hot water, poorly soluble in organic solvents, uv 464, 434 nm (CHjOH). C. is the di-j8-gentiobiosyl ester of a- cro-cetin and occurs in Crocus (Iridaceae) and Gardenia (Rubiaceae) species and as the colored principle in saffron (Crocus sativus, content 24-27%). 

Chemically related to brazUin are the yellow mordant dyes, luteolin and morin. Both are flavone derivatives whereas the former is obtained from yellow weed or weld (Reseda luteola L.), which grows widely across Europe, the latter comes from dyer s mulberry (Madura tinctoria, syn. Morus tinctorius L.). Alum- and tin-based mordants from luteolin produce a beautiful true yellow on all textile materials. Apart from weld, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) used to be the most important yellow colourant. The ancient Greeks and Romans used the dried stigmas from this species of crocus to obtain crocin, which was absorbed onto textiles with an alum mordant. Like saffron, curcuma (also known as turmeric) serves as a colourant for foodstuffs (e.g. for mustard and curry), and as a somewhat acrid spice in Oriental and South-east Asian cuisine. Curcuma is obtained from the root nodules of, for instance. Curcuma longa L., which is cultivated in plantations in China and the East Indies. 

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