Azo dyes Mordant Yellow

Haug W, A Schmidt, B Nortemann, DC Hempel, A Stolz, H-J Knackmuss (1991) Mineralization of the sulfonated azo dye mordant Yellow 3 by a 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate-degrading bacterial consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol 57 3144-3149. 

Haug W, Schmidt A, Nortemann B (1991) Mineralization of the sulphonated azo dye mordant yellow 3 by a 6-aminonaphthatene-2-sulphonate-degrading bacterium consortium. Appl Env Microbiol 57 3144—3149... 

Kudlich M, Bishop P, Rnackmuss H-J et al (1996) Synchronous anaerobic and aerobic degradation of the sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 by immobilized cells from a naphthalenesulfonate-degrading mixed culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46 597-603... 

Field JA, Brady J (2003) Riboflavin as a redox mediator accelerating the reduction of the azo dye Mordant Yellow 10 by anaerobic granular sludge. Water Sci Technol 48 187-193... 

The increase of the absorption in the wave range of 400 - 560 nm as a result of the influence of the actinic light confirms E/Z isomerization, the sole possible photo-process in this instance. Weigert s effect does not take place in the given case. Consequently, the E/Z photoisomerisation is not sufficient condition for it s emergence. The water-soluble Azodyes Fernandes and Mordant Pure Yellow were introduced into gelatin. Fig. 2 shows spectral transmittance characteristics of azo-dye Mordant Pure Yellow before (curve I) and after (curves 11,111,1V) exposure to linearly polarized actinic light (A = 441,6 nm). 

Fig. 2. Polarization spectral transmittance characteristics of azo-dye Mordant Pure Yellow...

Acid dyes include metal-complexed azo structures, where the metals used are cobalt, chromium, and iron.10 Examples are 1 1 and 2 3 chromium complexes and 1 2 cobalt complexes, where the numbers employed represent the ratio of metal atoms to dye molecules. Metal-complexed dyes can be formed inside textile fibers by treating suitably dyed fibers with a solution containing metal ions.11 In this case, the metal-free forms of these azo dyes are known as mordant dyes and contain mainly ortho, ortho -bis-hydroxy or ortho-carboxy, ortho -hydroxy groups (e.g., C.I. Mordant Black 11, Mordant Yellow 8, and Mordant Orange 6). When the metal complexes are formed prior to the dye application process, the resultant dyes are known as... 

Dyeing is normally readily accomplished in aqueous solution, often in the presence of a fixing agent, or mordant. This is ideal for cotton, silk and wool, but not for certain synthetic fibers, such as nylon and polyester. The latter are plastic in nature, and require disperse dyes. Here the dyeing process involves heating the fiber in an aqueous dispersion of a water-insoluble dye. A solid solution is formed in the fiber. In order to penetrate synthetic fibers, a small dye molecule is required, for which simple water-insoluble mono-azo dyes are ideal. Apart from yellow dyes (where phenolic components are common), these are usually based on /V,/V-dialkylated aniline coupling components that permit a wide range of shades to be obtained. 

SPE followed by CZE/UV and optimized capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with ESI-MS detection was used to determine monosulfonated (Mordant Yellow 8) and a series of disulfonated azo dyes (Acid Red 1, 13, 14 and 73, Mordant Red 9, Acid Yellow 23 and Acid Blue 113) quantitatively in spiked (3 mg T of each compound) groundwater samples and industrial effluents [423]. Azo dyes besides pesticides and herbicides were determined by ion trap MS interfaced by a commercial ESI to the LC-device. By adjusting the repeUer voltage (in-source CID) and doing MS/MS in the ion trap for [M-i-H] ions CID spectra were obtained. With onhne ESI-LC-ITMS, detection limits of O.l-l.O ng could be easily achieved. IT-MS/MS and ESI-CID data were provided and compared [424]. ESI was used for coupling CZE and MS or LC and MS to analyse SPE concentrated sulfonated azo dyes and LAS in industrial effluents. CZE-MS offered higher separation power and... 

The application range designated by this generic name in the Colour Index incorporates those acid, direct and mordant dyes with substantivity for leather and satisfactory fastness on that substrate [55]. It is a commercially important sector, the number of products listed being exceeded only by the complete acid or direct dye ranges. As expected from the sources of this selection, about 85% of leather dyes are azo compounds (35% disazo, 30% monoazo, 20% metal-complex monoazo) and the remainder are mainly yellow to orange stilbene dyes and anthraquinone or triarylmethane types in the violet to green sectors. 

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