Safety issues health protection

The health and safety issues outlined herein for particleboard also apply to MDE. A special note should be made of the fact that, because the MDF raw material is of dry fiber base, there exists in MDF a large component of very small, broken, dust-like wood fibers. These contribute to the dust concerns in the manufacturing areas, requiring exceUent dust-control systems, good housekeeping, and personal protection. 

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) covers a broad range of issues relating to worker health and safety, many of which impact the power generation industry (16,17). The Act sets standards designed to protect worker health and safety, particularly in industrial settings. The Occupational Health and Safety Administration, organized under the U.S. Department of Labor, implements and enforces OSHA standards and periodically updates poHcies governing worker health and safety. 

Occupational Safety and Health. OSHA has set no specific limits for sodium and potassium sibcates (88). A pmdent industrial exposure standard could range from the permissible exposure limit (PEL) for inert or nuisance particulates to the PEL for sodium hydroxide, depending on the rate of dissolution and the concentration of airborne material. Material safety data sheets issued by siUcate producers should be consulted for specific handling precautions, recommended personal protective equipment, and other important safety information. 

Process Safety A discipline that focuses on the prevention and mitigation of fires, explosions, and accidental chemical releases at process facilities. Excludes classic worker health and safety issues involving working surfaces, ladders, protective equipment, etc. 

Health and safety issues and worker protection should be integrated into project specifications, bid packages, contracts, and other appro-... 

Title I of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) regulations was issued to protect the health and safety of workers... 

Experimental variance Permission granted by OSHA for the use of an alternative method of worker protection during an approved experiment to demonstrate or validate new safety and health techniques. The variance terminates upon study com pletion unless another type of variance is issued by OSHA. 

Plant workers are exposed to the raw materials, intermediates, products, byproducts, and waste discharge. Regulations for the protection of plant workers are under the jurisdiction of the OSHA, and supported by the research arm of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). They issue a number of enforceable guidelines for safety, and they also issue advisories that are suggested but not required. We concentrate here on hazards that are specific to chemicals flammability, and toxicity through breathing the air and by skin exposure. 

On February 24, 1992, the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) promulgated a final rule, 29 CFR Part 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. OSHA administrates regulations whose objectives are primarily involved with protecting workers. This can be regarded as inside the fence line. This is a safety issue and is addressed in this section. The rule requires employers to effectively manage the process... 

Chemical safety is inherently linked to other safety issues, including laboratory procedures, personal protective equipment, electrical safety, fire safety, and hazardous waste disposal. Specific chemical substances, uses, and possible health effects are discussed in different chapters of this book. The responsibility of workers as well... 

Rules and regulations have been developed to product individuals from the potential health effects of 1,1-dichloroethane in air. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has set a threshold limit value (TLV) of 810 mg/m (200 ppm) 1,1-dichloroethane in workroom air to protect workers during an 8-hour shift over a 40-hour work week. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has issued a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 400 mg/m (98.9 ppm). 

As pharmaceutical products contain increasingly potent active constituents and as health, safety, and environmental protection issues increase in importance, isolators have been developed in many shapes and forms to permit thesafe weighing and subdivision of highly active compounds. The most sophisticated applications, such as the subdivision of bulk sterile active compounds, require that the isolator maintain aseptic processing conditions internally at the same time as satisfying the safety requirements. Fig. 2 shows an isolator device designed to allow a keg of potent... 

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