Safety considerations closure

Which environmental, health and safety considerations affect closure and audits ... 

For high-pressure operation, safety considerations are extremely important and care must be taken to ensure proper mechanical design. Closures must be designed to withstand the same maximum pressure as the rest of the autoclave. Various authors have treated the problems involved in designing medium- and high-pressure batch reactors (2-4). 

Risk-based information provides a foundation for regulation of severe accidents. Early PRAs, with large uncertainties, indicated risk that was above or below the Safety Goals depending on containment performance. Consequently the NRC developed an Integration Plan for Closure of Severe Accident Issues (SECY-88-47) with six main elements to this plan 1) individual plant examinations (IPE), 2) containment performance improvements, 3) improved plant oper itions, 4) severe accident research, 5) external event considerations, and 6) accident management. 

The dry powders that are reconstituted in their marketed container need not be sterile however, the possibility of an interaction between the packaging components and the reconstituting fluid can t be discarded. Although the contact time will be relatively short when compared to the component/dosage form contact time for liquid-based oral dosage forms, it should still be taken into consideration when the compatibility and safety of the container closure system are being evaluated. 

Toxicological evaluation of identified and unidentified impurities from a container can help improve the safety index of drug products. The toxicological evaluation should take into consideration container closure system properties, drug product formulation, dosage form, route of administration, and dose regimen. A close correlation between chemical and toxicological information can provide better control on safety and compatibility of containers and closures. 

The PLL program is a mechanism for developing and maintaining information associated with lessons related to preconstruction and construction activities, systemization, operations, and closure of the chemical demilitarization facilities. The majority of lessons learned are captured in the PLL database, which contains considerable information and is potentially an excellent resource for helping to maintain a high level of operational safety and security. However, so much information is present that plant personnel believe it is hard to identify what will be helpful in any given situation. 

The operator should be required to record all activities, results and considerations important to safety in the siting, design, constraction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning or closure of the facility. 

An excellent example of an effective apphcation for FRP composite material is the bridge deck system An important feature of this technology is its rapid deployment and installation on site this reduces congestion in the work zone, improves site safety and minimises expensive lane/road closures considerably. 

---