Saccharomyces cerevisiae fragilis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus S. carlsbergensis S.fragilis S. rouxii S. delbrueckii... 

Detailed studies have been made on the /3-D-glucosidases of the following (t) Rhodotorula minuta (misnamed Saccharomyces cerevi-stae),32-335,338 (it) Kluyveromyces (Saccharomyces) lactis,337-344 (tit) Kluyveromyces (fragilis) marxianus,348,348 (iv) Kluyveromyces dobz-hanskii,348 (o) a hybrid of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii,348-351 (t>t) a yeast of unknown identity (see Ref. 4) called Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 36 3M-3 8 (mi) Pichia (Candida) guilliermondii,331 and (viii) Debaryomyces polymorphus (Pichia poly-morpha).358 Table X lists some characteristics of these /3-D-glucosi-... 

Szambelan, K., Nowak, J., and Czarnecki, Z., The use of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed with Kluyveromyces fragilis for improved production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, Biotechnol. Lett., 26, 845, 2004b. 

Glycerol Glucose, lactose Kluyveromyces fragilis Pichia farinosa Saccharomyces cerevisiae... 

The information given in this Chapter is based chiefly on studies with relatively few kinds of yeast, the most popular of which have been Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvarum (synonymous with Saccharomyces carlsbergensis), Candida utilis (that is, Torulopsis or Torula utilis), and Kluyveromyces (Saccharomyces) fragilis.91... 

The monosaccharide carriers of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and also of Kluyveromyces (Saccharomyces) fragilis, appear from polarimetric measurements to have a higher affinity for the a-D anomers of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-xylose than for the corresponding /3 anomers.178 Intracellularly, a-D-glucopyranose is a slightly better substrate of hexokinase than the /3 anomer.179... 

Kluyveromyces fragilis,547 (iv) Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii,547 (v) a hybrid of Kluyveromyces fragilis and Kluyveromyces dobz-hanskii,MS 552 and (vi) a yeast of unknown identity, called553-558 Saccharomyces cerevisiae." This identity is questioned, because this yeast,555 but not Saccharomyces cerevisiae,64 can grow on cello-biose as the sole source of carbon.559... 

Synonyms Candida utilis Dried torula yeast Dried yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces fragilis... 

Clostridium sp. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kluyveromyces fragilis Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae Clostridium thermohydrosul. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces bayanus Saccharomyces cerevisiae Clostridium acetobutylicum... 

At equilibrium, D-galactopyranose is present in aqueous solution as about 27% a anomer and 73% /3 anomer,3123 and transport into cells has been reported as not specific for either form for Sac-charomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces (Saccharomyces) fragilis, grown on complex media.312 1 Within the cells, aldose 1-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.3) converts /3-D-galactose into the a anomer312 1 for which galactokinase activity is highly specific.325... 

Arnold (51) partially purified such an enzyme from cell-free extracts of bakers yeast Matile et al, (45) and Cortat et al. (44) demonstrated the existence of glucanase-containing vesicles within the cytoplasm of Sac-charomyces cerevisiae. These vesicles contained exo- as well as endo-glucanases but the enzymes were not studied in detail. Fleet and Phaff (47) obtained qualitative evidence for the occurrence of endo-/ -( 1 — 3) glucanases in the cell walls of Saccharomyces rosei, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Hansenula anomala, Pichia pastoris, and Candida utilis. K. fragilis and H. anomala contained only exo-glucanase in cell extracts (38). 

Yeast is a microscopic, unicellular organism of which there are several hundred species, only a very few of which are of commercial importance, namely, Saccha-romyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Candida utilis (formerly Torula utilis), Candida tropicalis, and Kluyveromyces fragilis. Selected Saccharomyces spp. are used for the production of wines and other alcoholic beverages. 

---