Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Medium for Inositol Assay Using Saccharomyces carlsbergensis... 

Among various methods reported, we wish to describe an assay technique with Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228. This yeast had been used by Atkin et al. (All) for the determination of vitamin B6. We have omitted inositol from the medium and have added an excess of pyridoxine (S19). The composition of the medium is given in Table 8. The method has an accuracy of 0.1 mpg/ml. 

Remsen-Fahlberg process for, 24 235 sodium nitrite in, 22 860 Saccharomyces, 26 445, 446 Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, 3 580 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 12 478—479, 26 446, 448, 449, 3 580. See also Bakers yeast... 

Prior to fermentation, the wort is then cooled to temperatures below 85°F (30°C), and the pH is adjusted to about 5. Yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis or Candida brassicae are added and fermentation proceeds for 2 to 3 days under batch processing conditions. Yeast produces the enzymes maltase, zymase, and invertase. Maltase converts maltose to glucose. Zymase converts glucose to ethanol. Invertase converts any sucrose present to fermentable sugar. The following equations illustrate the enzymatic conversion of starch to ethanol ... 

In the context of this discussion it is important to consider that the dimensionality of the diffusion process is of greatest importance for an evaluation of boundary conditions. Whereas in the case of glycolysis of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis the occurrence of three-dimensional diffusion of molecules of small molecular size is still a valid assumption, in membrane-bound systems two-dimensional or one-dimensional diffusion should be considered, a concept that was discussed early by Bucher, T., Adv. Enzymol. 14, 1 (1953) as well as by Adam, G. and Delbriick, M in Structural Chemistry and Molecular Biology, A. Rich and N. Davidson eds., Freeman, San Francisco (1968). In membrane-bound transport processes, depending on the number of interacting molecules, the rate of... 

Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (brewer s yeast, Anheuser-Busch strain [23])... 

Over 20 years ago, Winge and his colleagues at the Carlsberg Lab-oratorium made various hybrids of Saccharomyces (carlsbergensis) cerevisiae which, according to their genotype, could utilize all, part,... 

Complex medium for inducing protoplasts 15 238 Saccharomyces carlsbergensis protoplasts active transport induced with 100 mM maltose + 17 mM D-glucose... 

Coptisine had greater antimicrobial effects on Saccharomyces carlsbergensis than berberine, palmatine, or jatrorrhizine (545). 

Prior to 1941, mj/o-inositol was often determined by isolation, as such or as the hexaacetate.87 The isolated inositol was weighed, or was oxidized to carbon dioxide (which was measured in a gas buret).92 In 1941, Woolley98 published his microbiological method, in which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a test organism. Soon afterward, there appeared an improved procedure, using Saccharomyces carlsbergensis,9i 96 and an additional method based on the discovery of an inositol-less mutant of the common bread-mold, Neurospora crassa.96-98 Plundreds of types of foods,... 

Vacuoles also contain an important phosphorus reserve in yeast and fungi (Indge, 1968a,b,c Urech et al, 1978 Cramer and Daves, 1984). Under phosphate overplus, the content of PolyP in vacuoles of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis grew dramatically (Lichko et al., 1982). Some mutants of S. cerevisiae having no vacuoles possess low levels of PolyP and are unable to grow on a medium without P (Shirahama et al., 1996). 

N. A. Andreeva, L. A. Okorokov and I. S. Kulaev (1990). Purification and certain properties of cell envelope polyphosphatase of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Biochemistry (Moscow), 55, 819-826. 

A. J. Ivanov, V. M. Vagabov, V. M. Fomchenkov and I. S. Kulaev (1996). Study of the influence of polyphosphates of cell envelope on the sensitivity of yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis to the cytyl-3-methylammonium bromide. Microbiologiia, 65, 611-616. 

L. A. Okorokov, L. P. Lichko and I. S. Kulaev (1980). Vacuoles the main compartment of potassium, magnesium and phosphate ions in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis cells. J. Bacteriol., 144, 661-665... 

V. V. Petrov and L. A. Okorokov (1990). Increase of the anion and proton permeability of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis plasmalemma by n-alcohols as a possible cause of its de-energization. Yeast, 6, 311-318. 

Yu. A. Shabalin, V. M. Vagabov and I. S. Kulaev (1979). On the coupling mechanism of biosynthesis of high-molecular polyphosphates and mannan in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis yeast. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 249, 243-246. 

The NADH dehydrogenase of yeast is of considerable interest because in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis coupling site 1 is absent, whereas in Candida utilis its existence depends on the growth phase of the cells and can be altered by adaptations to culture conditions and by catabolite repression. 

Holotoxin Ai inhibits the RNA biosynthesis in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, as indicated by the decrease in incorporation of C-uridine to the acid-insoluble fraction of the cells. Similar results were obtained for glycoside fractions of 14 species of Pacific sea cucumbers [132]. Apparently the inhibition of RNA biosynthesis in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis is related to nucleotide loss from yeast cells after treatment with glycosides. Holotoxin Ai also inhibits biosyntheses of squalene, lanosterol and ergosterol in S. carlsbergensis [133]. Mitosis is arrested and DNA synthesis inhibited in onion root bulbs by crude holothurin [134]. 

The information given in this Chapter is based chiefly on studies with relatively few kinds of yeast, the most popular of which have been Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvarum (synonymous with Saccharomyces carlsbergensis), Candida utilis (that is, Torulopsis or Torula utilis), and Kluyveromyces (Saccharomyces) fragilis.91... 

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