17 S-Estradiol

Fig. 5.4. LH secretion from hemipituitaries from ovariectomized rats treated during 3 d with oil (0.2 ml), estradiol benzoate (EB, 25 xg), or tamoxifen (TX, 3 mg) and incubated for 3 h with medium alone, 17/S-estradiol (E2, 10"8 M), or TX (10 7 M), in response to two consecutive GnRH challenges (10-8 M, for 15 min) at indicated time periods. Values of LH secretion from hemipituitaries of oil- and EB-injected ovariectomized rats incubated with medium alone, E2, or TX (24 hemipituitaries), and from hemipituitaries of TX-injected rats incubated with medium alone or TX (16 hemipituitaries) are represented together, as no effect of the incubation conditions was observed. Values of LH secretion from hemipituitaries of TX-injected ovariectomized rats incubated with E2 are the mean of 8 half glands. P < 0.01 versus non-EB-treated rats (modified from Sanchez-Criado et al. J Endocrinol 186 43-49,2005)...

S-estradiol 17a-ethynyl estradiol Agonist Agonist Agonist Agonist... 

Fig. 12.6. Electron micrograph of 17/S-estradiol-imprinted TRIM/MAA latex made by dispersion polymerisation in acetonitrile (from [27])...

Representative Chemicals 17/l-Estradiol-3-glu-curonide 17)S-Estradiol-17-glucuronide Estradiol-3,17-disulfate Estradiol-3,17-diglucuronide Estrone-3-sulfate... 

NP is able to interact and bind to the estrogen receptor, and is therefore capable of modulating estrogen receptor-mediated gene expression, such as that responsible for vitellogenin in fish. However, the estrogenic potency of NP is 1000 times less than that of 17)S-estradiol. 

By inducing anovulation with various hormonal therapies, the cyclicity of PMS disappears. Anovulation can be induced by estradiol implants, high doses of progesterones, OCs, GnRH-As, and danazol. For the perimenopausal syndrome, the replacement of hormones such as 17/S-estradiol, progesterone (if the uterus is intact), and testosterone is used to stabilize the deficiency and fluctuations in hormone levels. 

Intranasal 17/S-estradiol spray, which enables single-daily or twice-daily dosing, has been shown to have clinical therapeutic equivalence to oral and transdermal estradiol and is associated with significantly lower reporting of mastalgia. ... 

PAPWORTH 255 postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease Transdermal 17 S-estradiol 80 mcg/day alone for women with hysterectomy transdermal 17 S-estradiol, 80 mcg/day plus cyclic transdermal norethisterone 120 mcg/day for 14 days or placebo No reduction in the incidence of acute coronary events (coronary disease death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina) among women in the hormone therapy group During the first 2 years of follow-up, the hormone-therapy group had a higher acute coronary event rate than the control group. 

Hubbard et al. (2002) observed that humic acids might block the pheromonal effects of 17,20p-P in goldfish, probably by adsorbing the molecule. Bjerselius et al. (2001) found that male goldfish exposed to the hormone 17(S-estradiol... 

According to their structural diversity, the RALs exhibit a variety of biological activities. Although it is classed as a mycotoxin, zearalenone (479) is barely toxic (9). Its anabolic and uterotrophic traits 338) are the result of its interaction with estrogenic receptors. Zearalenone (479) is able to bind to these receptors and thus mimic the ability of 17 S-estradiol to stimulate transcriptional activity. Therefore, it... 

The ratio testosterone/17-S-estradiol is significantly higher in gouty patients than in normal subjects this might indicate a lower transformation testosterone 17-3-estradiol in gout. 

Bangsgaard, K., Madsen, S.S., and Korsgaard, B. (2006). Effect of waterhome exposnre to 4-tert-octylphenol and 17(beta)-estradiol on smoltification and downstream migration in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquatic Toxicology 80, 23-32. 

McCormick, S.D., O Dea, M.R, and Moeckel, A.M. et al. (2005). Endocrine disruption of parx-smolt transformation and seawater tolerance of Atlantic salmon hy 4-nonylphenol and 17(beta)-estradiol. General and Comparative Endocrinology 142, 280-288. 

Williams, T.D., Diab, A.M., and George, S.G. (2007). Gene expression responses of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to 17-beta estradiol. Toxicology Letters 168, 236-248. 

Hu J, S Cheng, T Aizawa, Y Terao, S Kunikane (2003) Products of aqueous chlorination of 17[5-estradiol and their estrogenic activities. Environ Sci Technol 37 5665-5670. 

Loe, D.W., Almquist, K.C., Cole, S.P. and Deeley, R.G. (1996) ATP-dependent 17 beta-estradiol 17 - (beta-D-glucuronide) transport by multidrug resistance protein (MRP). Inhibition by cholestatic steroids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 9683-9689. 

Monodisperse microspheres imprinted with theophylline or 17 (3-estradiol were used in competitive radioimmunoassays showing the MIP s high selectivity for the template molecule. In this case the assay is based on the competition of the target molecule with its radioactively labeled analogue for a limited number of antibody binding sites [77,118]. Figure 15 demonstrates that displacing the radioactively marked theophylline from the imprinted polymer was only possible with theophylline as competitor. Structurally related molecules showed effects solely at elevated concentrations [77]. 

The stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer for estradiol-17 and estradiol-17(3 dehydrogenases has been examined by George et a/.84>. These enzymes are both present in chicken liver, and have substrates which differ only in the chirality of their substituents at C—17. Both of these enzymes were shown to use the 4-pro-S or 4B proton of the NADPH. Since the steroid is a bulky substrate, the authors argue that the steric fit between pyridine nucleotide and steroid cannot be as important as the role played by the enzyme in directing the fit. This paper contains an interesting summary of other recent work on the stereospecificity of pyridine nucleotide dependent-steroid dehydrogenases. 

J. Patel, M. J. Katovich, K. B. Sloan, S. H. Curry, R. J. Prankerd, A Prodrug Approach to Increasing the Oral Potency of a Phenolic Drug. Part 2. Pharmacodynamics and Preliminary Bioavailabihty of an Orally Administered O-(Imidomethyl) Derivative of 17/3-Estradiol , J. Pharm. Sci. 1995, 84, 174- 178. 

Steroid hormones form a group of pollutants that includes natural hormones such as estradiol, testosterone, and their metabolites as well as several synthetic analogues. Steroid hormones used as growth promoters have already been found in water and sediments (Lai et al. 2000 Thorpe et al. 2003), and their adsorption properties on earth materials have been considered. Lee et al. (2003) report batch experiments where simultaneous sorption of three hormones (17- 3-estradiol, 17-a-ethyl estradiol, and testosterone) on four midwestem U.S. soils and a freshwater sediment were performed. Apparent sorption equilibria were reached within a few hours. Sorption isotherms generally were linear for the chemicals studied on one of these soils (Drummer soil), ranged from 23.4 to 83.2 L kg and log ranged... 

B6. Buscarlet, L., Grass , J., Creminon, C., Pradelles, R, Dupret-Carruel, J., Jolivet, M., and Mons, S., Cross-linking of 17/i-estradiol to monoclonal antibodies by direct UV irradiation Application to an enzyme immunometric assay. Anal. Chem. 71, 1002-1008 (1999). 

Korte J.J, M.D. Kahl, K.M. Jensen, M.S. Pasha, L.G. Parks, G.A. LeBlanc, and G.T. Ankley (2000). Fathead minnow vitellogenin Complementary DNA sequence and messenger RNA and protein expression after 17 3-estradiol treatment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19 972-981. 

Shore L.S., Y. Kapulnik, B. Ben-Dov, Y. Eridman, S. Wininger, and M. Shemesh (1992). Effects of estrone on 17(3-estradiol on vegetative growth of Medicago sativa. Physiologia Plantarium 84 217-222. 

For therapeutic purposes and under the control of a responsible veterinarian, the administration to farm animals of 17/3-estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone and derivatives that readily yield the parent compound on hydrolysis after absorption at the site of application may be authorized by the individual EU member states. Also, for therapeutic purposes, the administration of authorized veterinary medicinal products containing (i) allyl trenbolone, administered orally, or beta-agonists to equidae and pets, provided they are used in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions, (ii) beta-agonists, in the form of an injection to induce tocolysis in cows when calving may be authorized. Again, these veterinary medicinal products must be administered by a veterinarian under his direct responsibility. 

Further radiolabeled ligand-binding assays have been reported for a wide variety of analytes, namely morphine and leu-enkephaline [30], (S )-propanolol [33], atra-zine [47], 17-jS-estradiol [59], 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) [32], yohimbine and corynanthine [60], and corticosterone/cortisol [29]. Other assays are summarized in Table 3. 

Matsuda, S., Kadowaski, Y., Ichino, M., Akiyama, T., Toyoshima, K., and Yamamoto, T. 1993. 17/3-Estradiol mimics ligand activity of c-erbB2 proto-oncogene product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 10803-10807. 

Fig. 5.7. Left panel-, daily imaging of an exemplificative mouse individual treated with tamoxifen at the daily dose of 0.5 mg/day s.c. Right panel photon emission by abdomen in mice treated daily for 21 days with vehicle (controls) 17-beta estradiol (5.5 gg/kg/day s.c.) tamoxifen al low dosage (5.5 gg/kg/day) or at high dosage (0.5 mg/kg/day). Luciferase expression appears to become more elevated at the end of the treatment with tamoxifen indicating, in this tissue, an unpredicted, potential effect of the treatment during prolonged treatments with the drug.

O. Rabbani, K. S. Panickar, G. Rajakumar, M. A. King, N. Bodor, E. M. Meyer, and J. W. Simpkins, 17(5-estradiol attenuates fimbrial lesion-induced decline of ChAT-immunoreactive neurons in the rat medial septum, Exp. Neurol. 146 119 (1997). 

Fig. 12. Dose-response and binding properties of mERa and mERp. (A) Cos-1 cells were transfected with 500 ng mERp (open circles) or mERa (closed circles) expression vectors and 1 pg vitA2-ERE-TKLuc and then incubated for 12 hours with increasing concentrations of Eg as indicated. (B) Specific binding of [2,4,6,7-3H] 17 f-estradiol ([3H]E2) to mERP was determined by using receptors generated from rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Binding was determined over a concentration range of 0.01-3 nM [3H]E2 in the absence or presence of a 200-fold excess of unlabeled E2. The saturation plot is shown in the insert. The results were plotted by Scatchard s method. Each point was determined in triplicate in each experiment, and the above results are representative of at least two separate experiments. (C) Specific binding to mERa using the conditions described in panel B (Tremblay et al., 1997).

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