Rules of technology

Section 323 of the Pena Code, cited previously, is not noteworthy for the desired precision it provides penalties for endangering man as a result of violation of generally accepted rules of technology. What these rales of technology are, where they can be found, or what their significance is, cannot be determined from the law. 

The Federal Constitutional Court has been cited so extensively because the decision is of importance in another connection as well. The state of science as mentioned need not be considered it will not yet be included in regulations. The general clauses generally accepted rules of technology and state of the art remain. Concerning the use of the first formula, the instrument of safety law was mentioned as an example. 

Hie guarantee function must be cited as an important standardization task. Rules of technology, provided they have an orderly evolution, offer the participants and the consumer a certain degree of security. They guarantee that a given conduct is practical and responsible. For this reason... 

There are various fault flow charts in standards or other rules of technology, covering the specific design requirements of fail-safe behaviour for the safety device in question. The principle of all fault flow charts is always the same. The chart begins with the "ist failure" (e.g. emitter-collector of any transistor short circuit). It is to be verified that after each "ist failure" no dangerous situation may occur. If so, one has to ask what else happens after the "ist failure". There are 4 answers to this question ... 

The book is not a recognized rule of technology. But as a first result, the DKE Standard Committee K 714 "Programmable electric systems for safety relevant applications" was founded in order to issue a DIN/VDE-Standard covering these questions. 

Every iadustry has its owa sease of what a reasoaable royalty might be. Whereas earned royalties are usually based oa aet sales, a very rough rule of thumb is that an earned royalty reflects approximately 25% of profits earned on the particular technology. Minimum royalties are often based on one-fourth to one-thind of a conservative projection of sales. 

In the area of performance, the steam turbine power plants have an efficiency of about 35%, as compared to combined cycle power plants, which have an efficiency of about 55%. Newer Gas Turbine technology will make combined cycle efficiencies range between 60-65%. As a rule of thumb a 1% increase in efficiency could mean that 3.3% more capital can be invested. However one must be careful that the increase in efficiency does not lead to a decrease in availability. From 1996-2000 we have seen a growth in efficiency of about 10% and a loss in availability of about 10%. This trend must be turned around since many analysis show that a 1% drop in the availability needs about 2-3% increase in efficiency to offset that loss. 

Equipment technology and processing software for FTIR are very robust and provide a high degree of reliability. Concerns arise for only the most demanding applications. For quantitative work on an isolated feature in the spectrum, the rule of thumb is that the spectrometer resolution be one-tenth the width of the band. FTIR instruments routinely meet that requirement for solids. 

This pocket guide contains selected rules of thumb and shortcut design methods meant to travel into the field as well as the office, even when the office is a hotel room. It contains updates on certain fast-moving technology and new material not found elsewhere. Miniaturization and easy retrieval of information are stressed. Those on the go can produce reasonable results quickly when using this book as a basic source. 

PERM acronym derived from the former name of the Fermentation Research Institute (FRI), in Japan, which later became the Patent Microorganism Depository of the National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology (NIBH). As previously mentioned, the Budapest Treaty requires deposition of the biological material subject to a patent application. In Japan and some other countries, an applicant for a patent concerning a microorganism has to submit a receipt of that deposition to the Patent Office at filing. The depository checks viability and would furnish a sample of the microorganism to a third party only for study and research, under the established rules of the treaty. 

An important step in assessing the effects of petroleum products that have been released into the environment is to evaluate the nature of the particular mixture and eventnally, select an optimum remediation technology for that mixture. As a general rule, crude oil (unrefined petroleum) is a complex mixture composed of the same compounds, but the quantities of the individual compounds differ in crude oils from different locations. This rule of thumb implies that the quantities of some componnds can be zero in a given mixture of compounds that comprise crnde oil from a specific location. 

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