Range efficiency

Type Pressure Range, psig Temp., °F Range Efficiency %... 

The principal factors to consider when comparing the performance of bubble-cap, sieve and valve plates are cost, capacity, operating range, efficiency and pressure drop. 

Particle size range (pm) Per cent in range (%) Efficiency at mean size (%) Overall collection (%) Outlet ... 

Temperature Power range efficiency Start-up Field of... 

On the lower end of the flow range, efficiency falls off when the flow rate is reduced below 318 m3/d water [2,000 BWPD]. As discussed, this results because insufficient flow is available to set up the vortex motion and to produce the strong centrifugal separation forces required for optimum performance. These two points define the lower and upper flow-rate limits for acceptable performance. 

Rotation speeds of the examples in Table 9.12 show a range of 1-24 rpm. Thin liquids allow a high speed, thick pastes a low one. In Table 9.12(b) the evaporation rates group in the range 15-30 kg/ m hr, but a few of the data are far out of this range. Efficiencies in... 

Technology related data (power range, efficiencies, specific investment, specific operation and maintenance cost, lifetime etc.). At the moment more than 40 different biomass to energy conversion technologies are listed in the technology database in the basis project (2). 

Many existing chemistries can be studied over very wide variable ranges efficiently, safely and rapidly in microreactor equipment, especially when the reactor is interfaced to on-line analysis equipment. Unfortunately, a significant number of reactions are still difficult to study in this equipment. However, notably, since microreactors can also be numbered up to provide commercial scale production, new chemical routes to product production may be possible. Thus, reactions that would not have been deemed reasonable for large volume production in traditional processing equipment due to problems with heat and mass transfer issues may now be possible in microscale reactors. The good news is that it should be possible to explore these new chemistries much more rapidly. 

Tha operating tamparatura may ba varied over a wide range. Efficiency is high and no steam or cooling water is required. 

Molnar, G.L., Rdvay, Zs. and Belgya, T. (2002). Wide energy range efficiency calibration method for Ge Detectors, Nucl. 

It is recommended to operate a pump within flow rate and head intervals around the best efficiency point. Outside that range, efficiency levels deteriorate. Instabilities or difficulties in controlling operation during start-up or shutdown may also be encountered. Manufacturers delineate a performance range on head capacity curves, defining the recommended range of operation. This is represented... 

The problem of explosion of a vapor cloud is not only that it is potentially very destructive but also that it may occur some distance from the point of vapor release and may thus threaten a considerable area. If the explosion occurs in an unconfined vapor cloud, the energy in the blast wave is generally only a small fraction of the energy theoretically available from the combustion of all the material that constitutes the cloud. The ratio of the actual energy released to that theoretically available from the heat of combustion is referred to as the explosion efficiency. Explosion efficiencies are typically in the range of 1 to 10 percent. A value of 3 percent is often assumed. 

Most enzymes work best within a narrow pH range and are susceptible to a wide variety of compounds which inhibit or sometimes promote the activity. The majority of enzymes work most efficiently at around 40°C and at higher temperatures are rapidly destroyed. 

The recovery factor (RF) is in the range 30-70%, depending on the strength of the natural aquifer, or the efficiency with which the injected water sweeps the oil. The high RF is an incentive for water injection into reservoirs which lack natural water drive. 

Centrifugal demister or cyclone) devices rely on high velocities to remove liquid particles and substantial pressure drops are required in cyclone design to generate these velocities. Cyclones have a limited range over which they operate efficiently this is a disadvantage if the input stream flowrate is very variable. 

It was found that that in the case of soft beta and X-ray radiation the IPs behave as an ideal gas counter with the 100% absorption efficiency if they are exposed in the middle of exposure range ( 10 to 10 photons/ pixel area) and that the relative uncertainty in measured intensity is determined primarily by the quantum fluctuations of the incident radiation (1). The thermal neutron absorption efficiency of the present available Gd doped IP-Neutron Detectors (IP-NDs) was found to be 53% and 69%, depending on the thicknes of the doped phosphor layer ( 85pm and 135 pm respectively). No substantial deviation in the IP response with the spatial variation over the surface of the IP was found, when irradiated by the homogeneous field of X-rays or neutrons and deviations were dominated by the incident radiation statistics (1). 

During many years in Scientific Research Institutes of Nuclear Physics and Introscopy at Tomsk Polytechnical University (TPU) researches into induction electron accelerators and their uses for non-destructive radiation quality control of materials and articles have been conducted. Control sensitivity and efficiency detection experimental researches have been conducted with the high-current stereo-betatron modifications [1], and KBC-25 M and BC-50 high-current betatrons [2,3] in range of 11 MeV and 25-50 MeV radiation energy. 

Researches on detection of sensitivity and control efficiency with high-current betatron modifications KEC-25 and EC-50 were conducted in radiation energy range of 25-45 MeV. 

It is also usually possible to remove all the couplings from a particular isotope, e.g. H, provided that one only wishes to observe the spectrum from another isotope, e.g. Either the decoupling frequency is noise-modulated to cover the relevant range of chemical shifts, or else the same decoupling is achieved more efficiently, and with less heating of the sample, by using a carefiilly designed, continuous sequence of... 

The original method employed was to scan eitiier the frequency of the exciting oscillator or to scan the applied magnetic field until resonant absorption occiined. Flowever, compared to simultaneous excitation of a wide range of frequencies by a short RF pulse, the scanned approach is a very time-inefficient way of recording the spectrum. Flence, with the advent of computers that could be dedicated to spectrometers and efficient Fourier transfomi (FT) algoritluns, pulsed FT NMR became the nomial mode of operation. 

The first part of the method involves sorting all the atoms into their appropriate cells. This sorting is rapid, and may be perfonned at every step. Then, within the force routine, pointers are used to scan tlirough the contents of cells, and calculate pair forces. This approach is very efficient for large systems with short-range forces. A certain amount of unnecessary work is done because the search region is cubic, not (as for the Verlet list) spherical. 

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