Royal College of Physicians

Small, J. Account of an alchemical roll on parchment, presented by the Earl of Cromarty in 1707 to the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh, by W. Moncrieff... with notes by J. Small. Proc Soc Antiq Scot 11 (1875-1876) 561-575. 

McCallum, Robert Ian. The Ripley Scroll of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. Vesalius 2, no. 1 (Jan 1996) 39-49. 

Detailed description of the copy in the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh... 

Dr. Karch was elected a fellow of the Faculty of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Royal College of Physicians (London) in 2006. He is also a fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, the Society of Forensic Toxicologists (SOFT), the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME), the Royal Society of Medicine in London, and the Forensic Science Society of the U.K. He is a member of The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (TLAFT). 

Royal College of Physicians of London. On June 7, 1962, recently appointed Surgeon General Luther L. Terry announced that he would convene a committee of experts to conduct a comprehensive review of (40) the scientific literature on the smoking question.. .. ... 

Similarly, well before Lavoisier, in London in the mid-eighteenth century, the Royal College of Physicians convened the Pharmacopoeia Committee, which adopted the principle that names of compounds should be related to their constituents rather than to their observable properties or to analogies with things like butter and flowers. The physicians 1746 dictionary of names influenced Macquer s 1766 dictionary of chemistry. 43... 

While nicotine is the primary active pharmacological agent, tobacco has been shown to be a particularly effective vehicle for delivery of nicotine (US Food and Drug Administration 1995 Hurt and Robertson 1998 Slade et al. 1995 World Health Organization 2001). In fact, published research has determined that tobacco-delivered nicotine is not only more toxic, but more addictive than nicotine in a pure form (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy) (Henningfleld et al. 2000 Royal College of Physicians 2000). As noted by a BW scientist in 1990 Nicotine alone in smoke is not practical, nor are extreme tar/nicotine ratios, since nicotine is too irritating -other substances are required for sensoric reasons (Baker 1990). 

Royal CoUege of Physicians of London (2000) Nicotine addiction in Britain a report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. Royal College of Physicians, London... 

The most direct way to help people manage the symptoms of nicotine dependence and withdrawal is therapeutic use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (Fiore et al. 2000 Henningfleld 1995 American Psychiatric Association 1996). Nicotine has been shown to be the main active ingredient in tobacco that causes and sustains addiction to tobacco (US Department of Health and Human Services 1988). Laboratory research has demonstrated that animals (Goldberg et al. 1983) and humans (Henningfleld et al. 1983) who have been chronically exposed to nicotine or tobacco smoke will self-administer nicotine infusions. It should be noted that other constituents in tobacco, such as MAO inhibitors (Fowler et al. 1996a, b), may also play a role in tobacco dependence. The potential role of alkaloids other than nicotine has not been ruled out. This is consistent with the observations that what has been termed tobacco delivered nicotine is more addictive and toxic than formulations provided by nicotine replacement medications (Royal College of Physicians 2000). 

It is now clear that treatment with smoking cessation medications is an efficacious and cost-effective path to disease control and prevention of premature mortality. There is a strong medical and public health need for pharmacotherapies to aid smokers who wish to quit smoking, but who are unable to do so without such assistance (World Health Organization 2003 World Bank 1999 Fiore et al. 2000 Royal College of Physicians of London 2000). It is equally clear, however, that many people find currently available treatments ineffective or unacceptable. Thus, the benefits and limitations of presently available treatments provide a powerful impetus for further treatment development. 

Professor O Grady is Examiner of the Royal College of Physicians, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine. He is a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and Visiting Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, University of London. 

In the report of the Royal College of Physicians on studies in healthy volunteers, a healthy volunteer is described as an individual who is not known to suffer any significant illness relevant to the proposed study, who should be within the ordinary range of body measurements such as weight, and whose mental state is such that he is able to understand and... 

Royal College of Physicians. Research on healthy volunteers. / R Coll Physicians Lond 1986 20 243-57. 

Trohler U. To Improve the Evidence of Medicine the 18th Century Origins of a Critical Approach. Edinburgh Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 2000. 

Mithridatium and Galene had also foimd their way into England, where, after the founding of the Royal College of Physicians in 1518, their manufacture was made subject to supervision under the Apothecary Wares, Drugs and Stuffs Act of 1540. This Act was one of the earliest British statutes on the control of drugs and it empowered the physicians to appoint four inspectors of Apothecary Wares, Drugs and Stuffs. ... 

In 1665, during the Great Plague of London, Charles 11 turned to the Royal College of Physicians for advice. This advice recommended, among other measures, that the victims of the plague who developed buboes were to be treated... 

Fig. 16.1 Frontpiece of The London Pharmacopoeia, 1618. (Reproduced with kind permission from The Himterian Libraries, The Royal College of Physicians, London.)...

Griffin JP, Griffin TD. The Economic implications of Therapeutic conservatism. / Royal College of Physicians of London 1993 27 121-6. 

This book has grown considerably since the first edition in 1993. The fifth edition is the most comprehensive of all editions to date and reflects the increasing complexity of the speciality. The enthusiastic uptake of this book is a tribute to The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine of The Royal Colleges of Physicians of the United Kingdom who have done so much to sponsor the discipline leading to the discipline achieving the status of specialist recognition. 

One of the developments that has contributed substantially to the improved quality of drug development is the emergence of Pharmaceutical Medicine. Pharmaceutical Medicine is the discipline concerned with the medical aspects of research, development, evaluation, registration, monitoring and marketing of medicines in the interest of patients. In Great Britain a Diploma in Pharmaceutical Medicine was introduced in 1975, and in 1989 the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine was established as part of the Royal College of Physicians. Subsequently, similar developments took place in other countries. 

Adair Crawford was bom at Antrim, Ireland, and received his degree of doctor of medicine at Glasgow in 1780. After settling in London he became a physician at St. Thomas s Hospital, a member of the Royal College of Physicians, and professor of chemistry at Woolwich. He died in 1795 at the estate of the Marquis of Lansdowne, near Lymington, Hants (51). 

Munro, J. F. Crompton, G. K. 1999. Health effects of respirable dust from opencast coal mining. Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. 29, 11-15. 

Ashm. 195, fo. 195. Gilbert was Treasurer from 1587—94 inclusive, and he was also present at the interview of Forman William Munk, The roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, i (1878), 78. 

Annals, 18 Dec. 1627, pp. 241-3. Lambe was murdered by a mob in London several months later George N. Clark, A History of the Royal College of Physicians of London, i (Oxford, 1964), 259 DNB. Chapman, Astrological Medicine , 283 Clark, Royal College ofPhysieians, 30. 

---