Crawford, Adair

Crawford, Adair, On the medicinal properties of the muriated barytes. 

Crawford, Adair. Experiments and Observations on Animal Heat, and the inflammation of combustible bodies Being an attempt to resolve these phenomena into a general law of nature (London J. Murray, 1779). 

Crawford. [Adair Crawford, Experiments Observations on Animal Heat (London, 1779). - Eds.]... 

Crawford, Adair (1748-95) Irish physician and chemist who suggested that animal heat is distributed throughout the body by the arterial blood. 

Strontian, town in Scotland) Isolated by Davey by electrolysis in 1808 however, Adair Crawford in 1790 recognized a new mineral (strontianite) as differing from other barium minerals. 

Adair Crawford (1748-1795) first distinguished strontium ore (strontianite) from barite and other barium ores. 

In 1787 William Cruikshank (1745-1795) isolated, but did not identify, strontium from the mineral strontianite he examined. In 1790 Dr. Adair Crawford (1748—1794), an Irish chemist, discovered strontium by accident as he was examining barium chloride. He found a substance other than what he expected and considered it a new mineral. He named the new element strontium and its mineral strontianite after a village in Scotland. In 1808 Sir Humphry Davy treated the ore with hydrochloric acid, which produced strontium chloride. He then mixed mercury oxide with the strontium chloride to form an amalgam alloy of the two metals that collected at the cathode of his electrolysis apparatus. He heated the resulting substance to vaporize the mercury, leaving the strontium metal as a deposit. 

Strontium Sr 1790 (Edinburgh, Scotland) 1808 (London, England) Adair Crawford (Irish) Sir Humphry Davy (British) 76... 

British scientist Adair Crawford Metal whose isotope, strontium-90, is the by-product of nuclear explosions as a compound, it is added to fireworks and flares to produce red color. 

William Cruickshank in 1787 and Adair Crawford in 1790 independently detected strontium in the mineral strontianite, small quantities of which are associated with calcium and barium minerals. They determined that the strontianite was an entirely new mineral and was different from baryta and other barium minerals known at the time. In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy isolated strontium by electrolysis of a mixture of moist strontium hydroxide or chloride with mercuric oxide, using a mercury cathode. The element was named after the town Strontian in Scotland where the mineral strontianite was found. 

In the summer of 1840 Robert Mayer, while performing a simple operation of bloodletting on board a Dutch ship in Java, was so startled by the bright red color of the venous blood that he feared for a moment that he might have opened an artery by mistake (283). Although he was unaware of Adair Crawford s experiments on the influence of temperature on the color of venous blood in living animals, which were published in the Experiments and Observations on Animal Heat and the Inflammation of Combustible Bodies in 1788, Mayer reasoned that in a hot climate, such as that of Java, the human body needed less internal combustion in order to maintain its temperature. Two years later he formulated the law of the equivalence between heat and work (283). 

Thomas Charles Hope, 1766-1844. Scottish chemist and physician. Successor to Dr. Joseph Black at Edinburgh. The first chemist in Great Britain to teach Lavoisier s views on combustion. Hope and Dr. Adair Crawford were the first to distinguish between baryta and strontia. 

In 1790 Dr. Adair Crawford (1748—1795) published a paper on The medicinal properties of the muriated barytes (barium chloride) (18). The muriated barytes exhibited in St. Thomas s Hospital since the month of May, 1789, said he, was obtained by the decomposition of the heavy spar. Having procured some specimens of a mineral which is sold at Strontean [sic], in Scotland under the denomination of aerated barytes, I was in hopes that the salt might be formed with less difficulty by immediately dissolving that substance in the muriatic acid. It appears, however, from the following facts, which have been verified by the experiments of my assistant, Mr. Cruikshank, as well as by my own, that this mineral really possesses different properties from the terra ponderosa [baryta] of Scheele and Bergman (49). 

Adair Crawford was bom at Antrim, Ireland, and received his degree of doctor of medicine at Glasgow in 1780. After settling in London he became a physician at St. Thomas s Hospital, a member of the Royal College of Physicians, and professor of chemistry at Woolwich. He died in 1795 at the estate of the Marquis of Lansdowne, near Lymington, Hants (51). 

University Press, London, 1921-2, pp. 49-50. Article on Adair Crawford by Robert Hunt. 

Other, better known, extenders of Black s work in this sense were, of course, William Irvine, Adair Crawford and William Cleghorn on whom see Donovan, Philosophical Chemistry, pp. 27 Iff. See also Fox, The Caloric Theory of Gases, Chapter 1. 

The existence of strontium was first recognized in 1790 by Irish physician Adair Crawford (1748—1795). However, the element was not prepared in pure form until nearly 20 years later by English chemist Humphry Davy (1778—1829). 

Adair Crawford was trained as a physician. However, he was also interested in chemical research. For a period of time, he was on the staff at St. Thomas s Hospital in London, England, and a professor of chemistry at Woolwich University. 

Scottish military surgeon William Gmihshank and Irish chemist and physicist Adair Crawford independendy announce the probable existence of a new element, later found to be strontium. 

The name comes from the town of Strontian in Scotland and was given to the element by Thomas Hope (1766-1844). There are many claims for the original discovery of strontium. William Cruikshank, in 1787, and Adair Crawford, in 1790, both examined strontianite (SrC03) and recognized that it had unique properties. Thomas Hope noted an unknown earth in 1791. Martin Klaproth presented a paper on a number of strontium compounds in 1793 and 1794. Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) examined a number of strontium compounds and presented his findings in 1794. It was Davy who isolated strontium metal, in 1808. Strontium does not occur in pure form in nature but is found in small quantities in many places. Some forms of strontium are radioactive, particularly 90Sr, which has been found in nuclear fallout. It can also be used in SNAP devices (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) as a power source. The main commercial use of strontium is in the glass of color television picture tubes. 

Strontium is a silvery and soft metal that is very reactive. When it is finely divided into a powder, it burns spontaneously in air. Its primary sources are two minerals, celestite and strontianite. In 1789, the Irish scientist Adair Crawford (1748-1795) first identified the element (along with the mineral strontianite) and named the element for Strontian, the village in Scotland where he made the discovery. (Crawford was actually studying the chemical reaction between a mineral called witherite (BaC03) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) at the time, but was frustrated when he failed to get the... 

Strontium is the thirty-eighth element in the Periodic Table and the sixteenth most abundant element in Earth s crust. It was first recognized by Adair Crawford in 1790, who named the substance strontianite, after the Scottish town of Strontian where samples were originally obtained. However, it was Sir Humphrey Davy who actually isolated strontium in elemental form in 1808, using his electrolysis apparatus. 

In 1790 Adair Crawford and William Cruikshank first detected non-radioactive strontium in the mineral strontianite in Scotland. Metallic strontium was isolated in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy. Radioactive Sr-90, like many other radionuclides, was discovered in the 1940s in nuclear experiments connected to the development of the atomic bomb. 

---