Resource and energy recovery

Household refuse Household Mainly landfill Some incineration Some resource and energy recovery... 

As fill and in manufacture of bricks, cement and lightweight aggregate As fine aggregate in concrete, in manufacture of bricks and blocks and as fill Some resource and energy recovery... 

Pacey, J. "Proceedings", Congress on Waste Management Technology and Resource and Energy Recovery, 1976 EPA SW-8p, p 168. 

There are basically two types of municipal waste that offer opportunities for combined waste disposal and energy recovery—municipal solid waste (MSW, urban refuse, garbage) and biosolids (sewage, sludge). Each has its own distinctive set of characteristics as a biomass energy resource. 

Recovery of Resources and Energy. There are basically two systems for pyrolytic disposal of refuse one consists of... 

A study by the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe (APME) assessed the environmental impacts of mechanical and feedstock recycling and energy recovery of waste plastics. It was compared in terms of consumption of resomces and environmental emission pollution potential. The criteria of consumption of energetically exploitable resources and contribution to the greenhouse effect lead to the following order of preference for feedstock recycling and energy recovery processes ... 

HOL 04] Holmgren K., Henning D., Comparison between material and energy recovery of municipal waste from an energy perspective a study of two Swedish municipahties . Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 43, pp. 51-73,2004. 

Recent announced statistics by APME indicate that standardising plastics is not a necessary option for the maximisation of recovery, in that resources may be conserved effectively by an integrated management approach involving feedstock, mechanical recycling and energy recovery. 

Municipal solid waste (MS W) represents a significant resource for energy recovery operations. Energy from waste (EfW) conversion process is considered one of the most efficient commercially available technologies for the production of power, combined heat and power, and liquid biofuels via the Fischer—Tropsch reaction (Howes and Warren, 2013). 

Plastics can in general be considered to perform well with respect to their environmental impact. These lightweight materials make efficient use of resources and energy during their manufacture, transport, and appUcation. After use they offer high energy potential that can be exploited in thermal recovery. Other recovery options can also be applied. 

Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction Third Report to Congress Report SW-161, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975 R. A. Lowe, Energy Recovery from Waste Report SW-36d.ii, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

The recycling of plastics waste is eonsidered with respect to energy recovery through incineration. It is claimed that burning solid municipal waste could produce nearly 10% of Europe s domestic electricity and heat and conserve resources by replacing, for example, over half of current coal imports to Western Europe. The potential for power from waste plastics and examples of energy from waste in action are described. 

An integrated approach to municipal waste management is put forward as the only sensible solution, selecting from a range of resource management and reeovery options. These are examined and diseussed, with particular reference to incineration with energy recovery. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. Disposal of used mineral oil hydraulic fluids is regulated as used oil under the Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and as amended by the Used Oil Recycling Act (42 U.S.C. 6901, 6905, 6935, 6937-6939, and 6074, see 40 CFR parts 260, 261, 266, 271, and 279). Used mineral oil hydraulic fluids to be recycled are not listed as hazardous wastes and can be burned for energy recovery or recycled. In general, the newer mineral oil hydraulic fluids (including water-in-oil emulsion fluids) do not contain known chemicals or other materials that are listed in 40 CFR 261 (RCRA) and can be burned for energy recovery or recycled. However, this may not apply to some of the older hydraulic fluids, particularly those containing PCBs. 

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