Risk to health

As part of TSCA, EPA can require the testing of any chemical if there is the possibiUty of an unreasonable risk to health or environment or if there is significant human or environmental exposure. If the substance poses an unreasonable risk, EPA can prohibit the manufacture, processing, or distribution of the substance limit the amount of the substance that can be manufactured, processed, or distributed prohibit a particular use for the substance limit the concentration of the substance during manufacture, processing, or distribution regulate disposal methods for the substance and require manufacturers to maintain records of process and to conduct tests to assure compliance with EPA rules. 

Assess the risk to health arising from work, and what preeautions are needed (see Figure 5.3). 

All work equipment must be eonstrueted or adapted to be suitable for its use, and its seleetion should have regard to the working eonditions and risks to health and safety of persons where it is used and any additional risks it poses (Provision and Use of Work Equipment 1998 Reg. 2). 

Any substance or material in a quantity or form which pxjses an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property when transported in commerce. 

Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) - The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety and are non-enforceable public health goals. 

Thus, it can be said that in practically all activities there are risks to health related to the presence of chemical agents. To evaluate their severity we should consider whether the exposure occurs continuously or at irregular intervals, the possible entry routes to the body, the concentration changes with time and place, as well as the aggregation state of the contaminant in liquid, dust, mist, fume, or vapor form. 

Anyone who installs or erects any article for use at work must ensure that, so far as reasonably practicable, it does not constitute a risk to health and is safe for use. 

Have the risks to health from the use, storage, handling or transport of articles or substances been kept to the minimum (Expert advice should be sought in this area if there is no sufficient in-house knowledge.)... 

Section 6 of the Act has been amended by the Consumer Protection Act 1987 and now imposes specific duties on manufacturers, importers, designers and suppliers to ensure that articles and substance supplied for use at work are safe and without risk to health. 

M.3 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were once widely used industrial chemicals but were found to pose a risk to health and the environment. PCBs contain only carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Aroclor 1254 is a PCB with molar mass 360.88 g-mol. Combustion of 1.52 g of Aroclor 1254 produced 2.224 g of CO, and combustion of 2.53 g produced 0.2530 g of H20. How many chlorine atoms does an Aroclor 1254 molecule contain ... 

This final report, entitled Revised assessment of the risks to health and the environment associated with the use of organostannic compounds (excluding use as a biocide in antifouling paints) and released in December 2003, is an update of a report submitted to the Enterprise Directorate-General of the European Commission in July 2002 (EC, 2002). 

Control the carriage of dangerous substances in all road tankers and in tank containers with a capacity of 3 m or more. They apply to all substances which exhibit any of the dangerous properties detailed in Schedule 1 to the regulations, from the commencement of loading until the tank has been emptied and cleaned or purged, so that any residual substance or its vapour is not sufficient to create a risk to health and safety. 

True. When used by adults in sensible moderate amounts it will cause few risks to health or safety. 

Management of metalworking fluids a guide to good practice for minimizing risks to health... 

The employer is required to carry out an assessment to evaluate the risk to health, and establish what precautions are needed to protect employees. A written record of the assessment would be kept, and details made available to employees. 

Hughes, K., M.E. Meek, P.K.L. Chan, J. Shedden, S. Bartlett, and L.J. Seed. 1994. Nickel and its compounds evaluation of risks to health from environmental exposure in Canada. Jour. Environ. Sci. Health. Part C, Environ. Carcinogen. Ecotoxicol. Rev. 12 417-433. 

---