Ringworm

Many patents have been issued on the use of pyrogaUol derivatives as pharmaceuticals. PyrogaUol has been used extemaUy in the form of an ointment or a solution in the treatment of skin diseases, eg, psoriasis, ringworm, and lupus erythematosus. GaUamine triethiodide (16) is an important muscle relaxant in surgery it also is used in convulsive-shock therapy. Trimethoprim (2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine) is an antimicrobial and is a component of Bactrin and Septra. Trimetazidine (l(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine (Vastarel, Yosimilon) is used as a coronary vasodilator. l,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-l-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-9JT-pyrido[3,4- ]indole hydrochloride is useful as a tranquilizer (52) (see Hypnotics, sedatives, ANTICONVULSANTS, AND ANXIOLYTICS). Substituted indanones made from pyrogaUol trimethyl ether depress the central nervous system (CNS) (53). Tyrosine-and glycine(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)hydrazides are characterized by antidepressant and anti-Parkinson activity (54). 

In medicine, the internal uses of benzoic acid are relatively unimportant. Its principal medicinal use is external it is used in dermatology as an antiseptic stimulant and irritant. Combined with salicyLic acid [69-72-7] benzoic acid is employed in the treatment of ringworm of the scalp and other skin diseases (Whitfield s ointment). 

Figure 4-431. Ringworm corrosion—at the inside of the tubing where grain structure near edge of upset portion makes metal susceptible to rapid corrosion. (From Ref. [219].)...

The superficial mycotic infections occur on the surface of, or just below, the skin or nails. Superficial infections include tinea pedis (athlete s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea corporis (ringworm), onychomycosis (nail fungus), and yeast infections, such as those caused by Candida albicans. Yeast infections or those caused by C. albicans affect women in the vulvovaginal area and can be difficult to control. Women who are at increased risk for vulvovaginal yeast infections are those who have diabetes, are pregnant, or are taking oral contraceptives, antibiotics, or corticosteroids. 

During treatment for a ringworm infection, keep towels and facecloths used for bathing separate from... 

Miconazole (Micatin), ciclopirox (Loprox), and econazole (Spectazole)—used for treatment of tinea pedis (athlete s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea corporis (ringworm), and superficial candidiasis... 

Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections in which the pathogen remains within the keratinous layers of the skin or nails. Typically these infections are named for the affected body part, such as tinea pedis (feet), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea corporis (body). Tinea infections are commonly referred to as ringworm due to the characteristic circular lesions. In actuality, tinea lesions can vary from rings to scales and single or multiple lesions. 

Tinea corporis Presents with circular, scaly patch with enlarged border Lesions may have red papules or plaque in center that clears, leaving hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation Itching may be present Commonly referred to as ringworm of the body... 

None of the calves of 10 cows showed clinical signs of neurotoxicity after the cows were orally exposed to an unknown quantity of a Fyrquel hydraulic fluid reclamation waste that according to the authors possibly contained tri-ort/20-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), and that was applied liberally to their backs one time as a treatment for ringworm (Julian et al. 1976). The cows were seen licking their backs and the backs of other cows thus, the cows were orally and dermally exposed to organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids. 

The material was poured over the backs of the animals as a ringworm treatment. Exposure was expected to have been by the oral route as well as by dermal contact, because the cows were seen licking their backs or the backs of other cows 14 of 50 cows died within 4 weeks of exposure. The authors stated that this fluid may have been contaminated with tri-ort/zo-cresyl phosphate. 

The plant is used to treat leprosy the roots are used to heal ulcers and to cure ringworm infection. A decoction of the leaves is drunk to treat tuberculosis and to improve general weakness. In Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, an infusion of the bark is used to correct nervous affections. The plant is known to elaborate lupane triter-pene saponins and kaurane diterpenes including 16-aH, 17-isovalerate-ent-kauran-19-oic acid, which strongly inhibited the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenase in vitro (76,77). 

Vermox is a proprietary preparation of mebendazole, an anthelmintic drug indicated for threadworm or ringworm infections. Mebendazole is administered as a single dose. A second dose can be administered 2-3 weeks after the first dose to prevent re-infection. All members of the family must be treated if the infection is detected in one family member. Use of mebendazole in children under 2 years is not recommended. 

Tachycardia heart rate more than 100 beats/min Tardive dyskinesia uncontrollable facial movements Thrombocytopenia a reduction in platelet count Tics repetitive involuntary movements Tinea corporis ringworm infection Tinea pedis athlete s foot... 

X-rays were also used to treat disease. From 1905 to 1960, X-rays were used to treat ringworm in children. Well into the 1950s, X-rays were used to treat a degenerative bone disease called ankylosing spondylitis. 

In the treatment of ringworm of the beard, scalp, and other skin surfaces, 4 to 6 weeks of therapy is often required. Therapy failure may be to the result of an incorrect diagnosis superficial candidiasis, which may resemble a dermatophyte infection, does not respond to griseofulvin treatment. Onychomycosis responds very slowly to griseofulvin (1 year or more of treatment is commonly required) and cure rates are poor itraconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride are more effective than griseofulvin for onychomycosis. 

Fiji. Fresh root is taken orally for asthma and indigestion. Fresh root juice is applied ophthalmically as drops for bloodshot eyes and other problems. Seed is taken orally for rheumatism and to treat hoarseness . Guatemala. Leaves are applied externally by adults for myasis, headache, and wounds " . A mixture of the leaf with menthol VapoRub is applied externally for children for cough . Fiot water extract of the dried leaf is applied externally for ringworms, fungal diseases of the skin L wounds, ulcers, bruises, sores, mouth lesions, stomatitis, and mucosa k The leaf is taken orally for kidney diseases . 

Nolify clinician if no improvemenl after 2 wk (jock itch, ringworm) or4 wk (athlete s... 

Unlabeled Uses Treatment of coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, fungal pneumonia, onychomycosis, ringworm of the hand, septicemia... 

Unlabeled Uses Suppression of histoplasmosis treatment of disseminated sporotrichosis, fungal pneumonia and septicemia, or ringworm of the hand... 

Shore, R.E., Albert, R.E., Reed, M., Harley, N., and Pasternack, B.S. (1984). Skin cancer incidence among children irradiated for ringworm of the scalp, Radiat. Res. 110,192. 

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