Returns sources

Figure 9-3. Graphical solution for simplified DCF calculation. (Constant cash flow, compounded annually, no salvage or working capital return.) Source Horwitz [1].

In order to be a useful indicator of a bond s potential return, a yield measure should account for all three of these potential sources of euro return in a reasonable way. We will begin our discussion by examining the three return sources in more detail. 

Pre-det investigations of smuggled nuclear samples at Livermore have been conveniently divided into source and route (or pathway) efforts for optimum information return. Source analyses allow assessments of the identity and quality of the nuclear material, as well as perhaps its origin, production modality, and supply potential. Route analyses are the province of criminalistics examinations and geolocation measurements. They provide insights into the identities of the traffickers, their methods and habits, pathway(s) of the material after legitimate control was lost, frequency of shipment, and potential end-user applications. More detailed discussion of source and route forensic analyses can be found in (Moody et al. 2005). 

Plan Plan Plan Plan, source, deliver Plan, make, deliver, return Source, make, deliver Source, deliver... 

These sources of waste from the steam system can be reduced by increasing the percentage of condensate returned (in addition to reducing steam generation by increased heat recovery). 

At the other extreme, ions with initial velocities in the direction opposite to the accelerating potential must first be turned around and brought back to their initial position. From this point their behaviour is the same as described above. The time taken to turn around in the ion source and return to the initial position is given by ... 

To use the Flory-Huggins theory as a source for understanding the second virial coefficient, we return to Eq. (8.53), which gives an expression for jui -jui°. Combining this result with Eq. (8.79) gives... 

The mixed xylenes that are recovered from these sources ire used as follows 50—60% to make PX, 10—15% to make OX, 10—25% returned back to ... 

Separation of a fat or oil from its source material can be accompHshed by several different methods. Selection of an extraction process is based on (/) obtaining oil substantially undamaged and relatively free of undesirable impurities, (2) achieving the highest practical yield, and (J) obtaining the maximum economic return on the oil and coproducts. 

Eastman Goal Chemicals. In 1983 Eastman Chemical Co. became the first chemical producer in the United States to return to coal as a raw material for large-scale manufacture of industrial chemicals (35). In that year, Eastman started manufacturing acetic anhydride from coal. Acetic anhydride is a key intermediate for production of coatings, ceUulosic plastics, and cellulose acetate fibers. Acetic anhydride from other sources also is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, starches and sweeteners, and flavors and fragrances. 

Most of the remarks above refer to unconfined or free flows. Many industrial appHcations involve the use of confined jets. It is customary to consider a jet confined when the ratio of the confinement radius to the source radius Hes in the range 4—100. Below a ratio of 2, the jet does not develop its similarity profile before striking the wall, whereas above a ratio of 100 the jet itself may usually be considered free. Under certain conditions, flow in confined jets is accompanied by the existence of a recirculation 2one which significantly affects the jet behavior by returning material upstream (9). This recirculation can be particularly important in combustion processes. 

Plasma Collection. Human plasma is collected from donors either as a plasma donation, from which the red cells and other cellular components have been removed and returned to the donor by a process known as plasmapheresis, or in the form of a whole blood donation. These are referred to as source plasma and recovered plasma, respectively (Fig. 1). In both instances the donation is collected into a solution of anticoagulant (146) to prevent the donation from clotting and to maintain the stabiUty of the various constituents. Regulations in place to safeguard the donor specify both the frequency of donation and the volume that can be taken on each occasion (147). 

Dead Sea Works Process. The Dead Sea Works, a subsidiary of Israel Chemicals Ltd., aimounced plans ia 1992 to constmct a 25,000 t/yr magnesium plant at Beer-Sheva, Israel. The plant, to be based on Russian camaHite technology, is designed to use an existing potash plant as the source of camaHte. The chlorine by-product can be either Hquefted and sold, or used ia an existing bromine plant. Waste streams from the camaHite process, as well as spent electrolyte from the electrolytic cells, can be returned to the potash plant. 

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