Retarder films

Fig. 12. General stmcture of LCD. A, polarizer plate B, glass plate C, electrodes (indium—tin oxide) D, Hquid crystal E, common electrode (ITO) F, overcoated layer G, colored pixel H, back light. In an improved color LCD system today, retardation films are placed between A and B.

BARRIER SYSTEM AVOIDING RETARDED FILM FORMATION... 

COCs meet the optical application requirements as they can be used in the back light and image light areas of liquid crystalline displays (LCD)s, such as diffusion film, protective film, retardation film and as an anti-glare polarizing film for high resolution LCDs. 

The crosslinkable COCs have been suggested for the use as alternatives for a glass substrate of a liquid crystal display devices and an electroluminescence (EL) display devices. Moreover, a crosslinkable COC can be used as a polarizing film, surface protective film, retardation film, transparent conductive film, light diffusion film, film for EL display devices, transparent conductive composite material, anti-reflection film, etc. Methods how to prepare these types of films have been described in detail (47). 

At this point a differentiation should be made between a nonflammable and a fire-retardant film. On the one hand, the coating is designed to be applied on a nonflammable substrate and, in this case, the film itself should be as near nonflammable as possible. On the other hand, a fire-retardant film is designed to retard the spread of flame through a flammable substrate. Most commercial paints are fire-retardant to a degree an unpainted wood or wall board surface will burn much more freely if unpainted than if coated with an ordinary flat wall paint such as TT-P-47. There has been a widespread misconception that the dried paint film is a fire hazard, when actually a wood or cellulosic wallboard surface is considerably more readily combustible uncoated than when coated with the average wali paint. 

Perhaps the most important single property for a fire-retardant film is intumescence, the property of swelling or puffing when exposed to the heat of flame. Such swelling providing a thick cellular insulating layer between the fire and the flammable substrate. 

For a given relative humidity (RH) and temperature, values are assumed for two of the three variables, t, D0 and Du and the third is calculated. In this way, droplets of various initial diameter can be calculated to evaporate to any assumed diameter Dt after t seconds of fall at terminal velocity. The equation corrects for the effect of fall velocity on evaporation rate and the concurrent effect of changing diameter on fall velocity. It assumes constant air temperature and pressure, a large volume of air per droplet so that the air humidity is relatively unaffected, no air turbulence, and the absence of solutes which reduce vapor pressure or form evaporation-retarding films at the surface of the droplet. It further assumes terminal fall velocity at all times. With these restrictions, the theory appears valid for droplet sizes that obey Stokes s law. 

Title Liquid Crystalline Compound, Liquid Crystalline Composition, and Retardation Film... 

Oligomeric phenylacetylene liquid crystalline derivatives capable of exhibiting a biaxial liquid crystal phase have been prepared. When these agents were functionalized with the polymerizable group 4-(4-acryloyloxybutyloxy)benzoic acid and then coated onto an alignment film and polymerized. An optically anisotropic retardation film was produced. 

The Step 8B film was coated onto the optically anisotropic layer, placed in a thermostatic chamber at 80°C, and heated for 5 minutes 60°. Thereafter the film was cooled at 40° C for 30 seconds in a thermostatic chamber that had an oxygen content of 2% and then irradiated with ultraviolet radiation at 600 nm. The film was next cooled to ambient temperature, and the retardation film was isolated having an optically anisotropic layer thickness of 1.55 pm. The retardation in the direction perpendicular to the face of the retardation film was 150 nm parallel to the rubbing direction. 

Cinnamic acid liquid crystalline derivatives, (IV), capable of exhibiting a biaxial liquid crystal phase were also prepared by the author [1] and used as a component in retardation films. 

Tanaka [4] prepared 30 mm-thick retardation films consisting of mixed esters of hydroxypropyl cellulose and acryloyl and n-butyryl chlorides, (XI), having a retardation value of 180nm at a wavelength of 550 nm after photo polymerization. 

The presence of solids at the interface usually retards film drainage rates, thereby reducing the probability of coalescence. A few suspension-polymerization processes use solid particles as suspending agents. 

The behavior of proteins at interfaces influences the formation of foams and emulsions (32). Stabilization of foams and emulsions depends, to a great extent, on the formation, rheological, and mechanical properties of the interfacial film ( ). Factors which ensure optimum film properties in simple systems may retard film formation or cause destabilization in foams or emulsions (3 ) for example, many rheological properties of films are maximum in the isoelectric pH range of specific proteins, yet most proteins have minimum solubility in this pH range (34). Thus, environmental and processing factors which... 

Polycarbodiimides have been reported to be useful for fire retarding film applications [7a]. In addition, carbodiimide polymers also find use in electrode plate applications where plasma etching is involved [7b]. More recently. 

Basic studies soon revealed that the viscosities of most nematic polymers are too high so that they are not suitable candidates in fast switching devices. However, these materials may be useful in display related auxiliary components, such as polarizers, retardation films and pol5mieric... 

Material design of retardation films with extraordinary wavelength dispersion of orientation birefringence A review, 19,... 

Chem. Descrip. Antimony oxide CAS 1309-64-4 EINECS/ELINCS 215-175-0 Uses Elame retardant for plasties, paper, textiles, and paints flame retardant pigment for PVC used with ehlorinated organies for produeing flame-retardant polyesters, polyethylene eompds. mfg. of flame-retardant films, sheets, textiles, paper, paints Features Must be used with a halogen-eontaining eompd. for flame retardant effeet high tinetorial str. 

Chlorez 700 Chlorez 700-DF Doverguard 700-S Doverguard 700-SS Doverguard 760 Doversperse 3 DoversperseA-1 Lubral 2522 Lubral 2544 Lubral 5005 Lubral 5011 Paroil 57-61 Paroil 5761 flame retardant, film Charmax LS Channax Z20S Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate, Saytex TG-100S Tetrabromobis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Uniplex FRP-45 flame retardant, finished film Santicizer 148... 

As a result, an ultra-thin birefringent layer is obtained that exhibits a good chemical, thermal and photochemical stability. By varying the coating conditions, as well as the concentration, retardation values up to 600 nm are attainable within 2 % accuracy. The high stability of the films allows for the deposition of ITO conductive layer sputtering or for the fabrication of stacks of retardation films as used in for example wide band A retardation foils. 

Tetrabromobisphenol A di-2-hydroxyethyl ether Tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate Tris (2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate flame retardant, EPS Tribromophenyl allyl ether flame retardant, ethyl cellulose Diphenyl octyl phosphate flame retardant, ethylene copolymers Ethylenebis (tetrabromophthalimide) flame retardant, expandable PS Dibromoethyidibromocyclohexane Tetrabromobisphenol A bis (allyl ether) Tetrabromocyclooctane flame retardant, extruded PS Tetrabromocyclooctane flame retardant, fabrics Antimony pentoxide Methylphosphonic acid, (5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl) methyl methyl ester flame retardant, fibers Antimony pentoxide Tetrabromoethane flame retardant, filament winding Epoxy resin, brominated flame retardant, film Tetrabromobis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate flame retardant, fire-retardant material Chlorinated paraffins (C12, 60% chlorine) Chlorinated paraffins (C23, 43% chlorine) flame retardant, flexible PU foam bedding Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate flame retardant, flexible PU foam furniture Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate flame retardant, flexible PU foam transportation Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate flame retardant, flexible PU foams furniture, automobile seating... 

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