Auxiliary components

These may be used to feed the solenoid or the motor of an interrupting device (such as an electrically operated breaker), indicating lights and circuits, auxiliary contactors or relays, electrical or electronic timers, hooters or buzzers, and all such auxiliary components and devices mounted on a controlgear or a switchgear assembly requiring a specified control voltage. 

Many data cells in the CCPS Taxonomy use equipment boundaries found in available generic data sets in which equipment and service is similar to that in the CPI. The boundaries established for other data cells were generally combinations of normal equipment modules—such as pump, seals, coupling, motor and base plate, or refrigeration units—and functionally interdependent basic and auxiliary components, such as motor controllers. Boundaries may change as greater amounts of equipment reliability data become available. 

Table 15.8 Checklist of power station auxiliary components...

The simplest type of two-dimensional gas diromatography for heart cutting or trace enrichment using a packed precolumn and a capillary column is shown in Figure 8.16 [205]. Almost any modem gas chromatograph could be converted into a similar unit with the addition of a few auxiliary components. Preliminary separation t2dces place on the packed column, the effluent from which is directed either to a vent or to the capillary inlet by the Deans switch, nie effluent reaching the capillary inlet is split three ways. One portion passes to a detector used to monitor the preseparation, a second portion enters the cap Bry column and is... 

Ability to cook softwood and hardwood concurrently Lower capacity requirement of auxiliary components due to constant loading... 

The techniques developed in enzyme immobilization have facilitated the development of enzyme electrodes and of novel enzyme -based, automated, analytical methods (l6,17,l8). Enzyme electrodes have resulted from the combination of an enzyme membrane and an ion-selective electrode they were used successfully to assay directly appropriate substrates. Enzyme columns or enzyme tubes, prepared in a conventional manner, were used as a specific auxiliary component in the indirect assay of substrates in many of the novel automated analytical procedures. 

In order to meet the goals, the equipment manufacturers were forced to reduce the size of many of the components, including the motor size, gearbox, barrel diameter and length, and many auxiliary components of the line. It was hypothesized that the equipment manufacturers did not believe that the resin was as viscous as reported. The gearbox was, however, specified with a safety factor of 1.5 for the motor and belt sheave system installed. 

As mentioned above, stack models are useful for analyzing full system performance including perhaps auxiliary components in the system such as compressors. In terms of equations, almost all of the models use simple global balances and equations because single cells are not the focus of the models thus, they use equations similar to eqs 21 and 78. In terms of other equations, normally they use typical flow and heat balances as well as the appropriate current and voltage relations, which take into account how the cells are connected together. The stack models can be separated into two categories, those that consider the stack and those that consider... 

HFC R D work across the spectrum of fuel cell types and auxiliary components. Focus on PEM and large-scale MCFC and SOFC, and on micro DMFCs for portable applications. 

The mobile phase is an important component of overall gas chromatographic system. Constant and reproducible flow conditions should be maintained at all times. To achieve this the mobile phase must have the proper auxiliary components. 

Figure 2. Schematic view of the spectrometer. The components illustrated include M, crystal manipulator Q.M.S., quadrupole mass spectrometer I.G., primary ion source E.S., energy spectrometer G, Bayard-Alpert gauge T, crystal target and G.I., gas inlet. Auxiliary components are omitted for graphical clarity. The SIMS experimental geometry and coordinate systems are defined in the inset. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 4. Copyright 1981, American Institute of Physics.

The system efficiency is lower than the stack efficiency due to power requirements for auxiliary components and due to power conversion. A well-designed system should not use more than 10% of the fuel cell output power for auxiliary components. The efficiency of DC/DC or DC/AC converters is relatively high (typically >90%) but their number and configurations must be optimized for given application. 

Reduce the intrinsic consumption of the electrolyser through more efficient auxiliary components (valves, pumps) ... 

The rotary drum machine was assumed to be the basic unit, with no auxiliary components. 

There are two fundamentally different ways in which the reservoir of transfer lubricant can be located. It can be a part of, or the whole of, one of the normal load-bearing machine components, and this has been variously described as direct, primary, or two-body transfer lubrication. Alternatively it can be a separate auxiliary component present only to provide a lubrication reservoir, whose sole function is to transfer lubricant to one of the other machine components. This has been described as indirect, secondary, or three-body transfer lubrication. In the Russian literature the latter is called "Rotaprint Lubrication" by analogy with the use of a separate inking roller to transfer ink to the cylinder in a rotary printing press ° ° ° . 

The behavior of fuel cells in terms of individual and overall voltage as function of current density represents the basic performance from which an overall efficiency evaluation has to start. The impact of the parasitic consumption of auxiliary components involved in the system management strategies on the net power produced by the fuel cell stack represents the second important step to be carefully evaluated. 

In order to better understand the above values for FCS efficiency, the main parasitic losses are shown in Fig. 6.7, where each curve is representative of the electric power absorbed by each auxiliary component of the FCS, and is reported as a function of the DC-DC converter power. The major consumption is due to the... 

The consumption of these last auxiliary components might be partially reduced with a specific design of the FCS for a real vehicle, but the energy losses due to the air and water management system would be quite difficult to be lowered. In this respect, the maximum FCS efficiency (55% at medium load, see Fig. 6.6) takes in regards to the only loss sources due to the air compressor, hydrogen purge, and water pump. 

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