Responses indirect control

It is important to realize that an experimenter has no direct control over the responses. The experimenter can, however, have direct control over the factors, and this control will be transformed by the system into an indirect control over the responses. If the behavior of a system is known, then the response from a system can be set to a specified level by setting the inputs to appropriate levels. If the behavior of a system is not known, then this type of control of the response is not possible. 

Let us reconsider two of the systems discussed previously, looking first at the algebraic system, y = x + 2. In this system, the experimenter does not have any direct control over the response y, but does have an indirect control on y through the system by direct control of the factor x. If the experimenter wants y to have the value 7, the factor X can be set to the value 5. If y is to have the value -3, then by setting x = -5, the desired response can be obtained. 

Moreover GSH concentration indirectly controls a host of redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kB and AP-1, modulates the genes for pro-inflammatory mediators as well as protective antioxidant genes such as y-GCS, Mn-superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1. Also TNF-a, p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted ) production is redox regulated [24]. The role of RANTES in the inflammatory and allergic response has been recently elucidated [25], indicating a role of intracellular GSH also in this particular field of inflammation. 

The fear has been expressed that with the increased interest in alternative medicine, we [shall] see a reversion to irrational approaches to medical practice (28). The only way to minimize incompetence is proper education and training, combined with responsible regulatory control. While training and control are self-evident features of mainstream medicine they are often not fully incorporated in complementary medicine. Thus the issue of indirect health risk is particularly pertinent to complementary medicine. Whenever complementary practitioners take full responsibility for a patient, this should be matched with full medical competence if on the other hand, competence is not demonstrably complete, the practitioner in question should not assume full responsibility (29). 

As listed in Table 6.1, some parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc. are considered processing parameters because they can be directly used to control a CVD process and to determine the microstructure and properties of the deposit. The processing variables include temperature field, velocity field and so forth, which are the results of the system response. These are known as indirectly controlling parameters which are very important for understanding the deposition mechanism. 

Coal and fly ash are currently monitored to control air and ground water pollution, to evaluate mass balance in coal production and as indirect control of emission (based on the differences in contents between coal and fly ash). Some areas sufTer from a severe pollution by emission of fluorine to the atmosphere and its consequent transport into the ground water. Chlorine is responsible for burner corrosion and has to be determined to assess the risk monitoring of these elements under good quality control implies that CRMs of coal and fly ash should be available. A new coal reference material (CRM 460) has hence been prepared with the objective to certify both F and Cl [13,14] as described below, only fluorine could be certified, owing to an in-homogeneity detected for Cl. 

PRIMARY CONTROL - A device which directly or indirectly controls the control agent in response to needs indicated by the controller. Typically a motor, valve, relay, etc. 

The subject of polymer electrodes is taken to include those electrodes where a polymeric material exerts some specific direct or indirect control over an electrochemical reaction or response. In polymer electrodes, the polymeric material is usually employed as a film or membrane in contact with (or coating) the electrode. In some electrodes, the membrane is separated from the electrode by a layer of reactant. (Excluded from this discussion are thus structural applications of polymers in electrochemical cells, such as battery casings. Teflon electrode shrouds, capillary barriers in gas-consuming cells, etc.). 

The first controller implemented on the structure was the direct MRAC shown in Fig. 4.5. This gives a basis for comparison between direct and indirect control. Figure 4.6a shows a plot of the open-loop response envelope, the desired response envelope, and the closed-loop response achieved. As can be seen, the closed-loop system adapts to the reference-model response until the deadband is reached (after approximately 11s), at which point adaptation is turned off. The deadband is inherent to the Nitinol wire actuators. 

Detector Time Constant - The detector time constant which includes the response of the detector sensor as well as that of the electronics has been given the symbol Tq, and is specified in msec. The value of Tj) also indirectly controls the solvent consumption, mass and concentration sensitivity of the overall chromatographic system. 

The authority role sets essential psychological demands on the inspectors practice. The operating plants are responsible for the safe use of nuclear energy independent of the extent and manner of regulatory control. This distinction between responsibility for safety and safety control creates a significant demand on the control practice. The inspectors must develop different means like indicators, sampling schemas, inspection schedules etc. for indirect observations of the plant operation. Actions are indirect control measures, and feedback from their own actions is mediated and often very scarce. 

The operations control system will be driven by CAPP and MRP II systems. The operations control system will be responsible for directing all operations on the manufacturing floor. This will include direct control of automated processing equipment, robots and automated material handling equipment. Where automation is not applied, the system will provide indirect control to the operator through computer terminals (portable or stationary) or printed action documents. The system will also be responsible for maintaining real time location and status control for all materials and work orders on the manufacturing floor. 

It is emphasized that drug activity is observed through a translation process controlled by cells. The aim of pharmacology is to derive system-independent constants characterizing drug activity from the indirect product of cellular response. 

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