RESOURCE OPTIMISATION

Furthermore, process efficiency and product management can be improved. Process improvement is achieved not only through reduced energy consumption, but also in terms of the use of ancillary equipment and improvements in infrastructure. Management of the environmental effects of products implies regular reviews of product environmental performance as an aid in evaluating product renewal strategies. It also serves to identify products that are particularly hazardous to the environment. 

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Usually a company will have a portfolio of assets which are at different stages of the described life cycle. Proper management of the asset base will allow optimisation of financial, technical and human resources. 

An example of an application of CAO is its use in optimising the distribution of gas in a gas lift system (Fig. 11.3). Each well will have a particular optimum gas-liquid ratio (GLR), which would maximise the oil production from that well. A CAO system may be used to determine the optimum distribution of a fixed amount of compressed gas between the gas lifted wells, with the objective of maximising the overall oil production from the field. Measurement of the production rate of each well and its producing GOR (using the test separator) provides a CAO system with the information to calculate the optimum gas lift gas required by each well, and then distributes the available gas lift gas (a limited resource) between the producing wells. 

With unlimited resources, the investor would take on all projects which meet the screening criteria. Project ranking is necessary to optimise the business when the investor s resources are limited and there are two or more projects to choose between. 

In order to optimise the general on-site system performance, time and resource consuming motion calculations are done immediately after execution of the previous path in the current scaiming program - simultaneously with the storing of digital A-scan data by the PS-4 system. 

Co-design—(http //www.montell. com / montell/products/p-codesign.html) active involvement in product design to optimise the use of material and manufacturing resources. 

It is feasible to carry out Hartree-Fock calculations on our available computer resources (an SGI Crimson Elan Workstation) using an STO-3G basis set with full geometry optimization of CeoMu but only partial geometry optimisations of the ChoMu isomers. Fig. 1 shows planar graphs of Ceo and C70 with the carbon atoms suitably labelled for future reference. 

Makkonen, H.T., Heino, J., Laitila, L., Hiltunen, A., Poylio, E., and Harkki, J., Optimisation of steel plant recycling in Finland dusts, scales and sludge, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 35, 77-84, 2002. 

From an environmental point of view, soil and water interact too much to be managed separately. Successful implementation of the WFD has to involve land management, and sound management of soil and water resources calls for harmonisation of spatial planning with the environment. In this way land uses can be optimised with respect to soil quality and hydrological situation. 

The oxide, the precursor to the metal/alloy, is currently available to the extent of about 150-200 tons per year and output may conceivably be doubled by 1985. Even so, when expressed in terms of samarium metal this quantity is relatively small, hence it is desirable to optimise the available resources by whatever means are possible. In Table II we illustrate one solution to the problem, namely the production of alloys containing much greater quantities of mischmetal. 

Sustainable material management has to pursue both economic and ecological objectives in order to succeed in global competition. Material flows have to be optimised in quantitative and qualitative terms so that the services in question can be rendered with maximum efficiency and minimal emissions. Moreover, business companies are generally aware of the fact that only those companies will survive that continuously improve their performance while enhancing customer orientation and, above all, avoiding excessive resource consumption. 

In addition to the economic advantages ChL also has obvious environmental advantages. Process optimisation not only leads to a reduced chemical consumption but very often also to a reduction in the consumption of other resources like energy or water. As a result the waste load as well as air and water pollution will decrease, reducing the total environmental impact of the production process. 

Sustained high demand for the optimisation of production processes and resource-efficient use of raw materials (cost reduction)... 

Due to the growing importance of a sustainable and responsible use of raw materials (i.e., also chemicals), and the effort to optimise business and production processes, as well as to minimise the waste of resources, there is an increasing demand for consultants that are both environmentally and economically oriented (Fig. 13). 

Because analytical chromatography is used inherently in quantitative analysis, it becomes crucial to precisely measure the areas of the peak. Therefore, the substances to be determined must be well separated. In order to achieve this, the analysis has to be optimised using all the resources of the instrumentation and, when possible, software that can simulate the results of temperature modifications, phases and other physical parameters. This optimisation process requires that the chromatographic process is well understood. 

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