Environmental Advantages

Gasification has many advantages that have led to its increased usage in chemical production and power generation, which are snmmarized below  

Worldwide, 129 million tonnes of plastic is produced annually, 60% of which is disposed of as fuel oil. If the total amount was recycled, it would fill up 350 tankers of 200,000 tonne capacity [3]. However, there is a growing consensus that plastics waste faces challenging operational environments. Due to increasing demand and the subsequent increase of consumer and industrial waste, the amount and composition of plastics waste needs to be characterised prior to disposal. 

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There is extensive Hterature on nitrophosphates (65,66). A description of the Norsk Hydo nitrophosphate process, ie, using calcium adjustment by crystallization of calcium nitrate, emphasizing the environmental advantages is also available (64). 

Other. Numerous other supercritical fluid processes and techniques have been and are continuing to be developed. The novel spray appHcation UNICARB uses supercritical CO2 to replace volatile diluents in coating formulations, thereby reducing the volatile organic compound emissions by up to 80% (128). Rapid expansion of CO2 iu the spray can also improve the quaUty of coatings, thus performance benefits are obtained in a process developed for environmental advantages. 

Technical, economic, and environmental advantages exist for ozone bleaching of pulp in the paper industry as an alternate to hypochlorite or chlorine bleaching which yields deleterious compounds to the environment. 

Small-diameter packed columns offer (17) the substantial advantages of small volumetric flow rates (1-20 (p.L min )), which have environmental advantages, as well as permitting the use of exotic or expensive mobile phases. Peak volumes are reduced (see Table 1.1), driven by the necessity of analysing the very small (pico-mole) amounts of substance available, for example, in small volumes of body fluids, or in the products of single-bead combinatorial chemistry. 

In addition to greenhouse benefits, biodiesels offer environmental advantages over conventional diesel. Biodiesels produce similar NO, emissions to conventional diesel, fuel but less particulate matter. Biodiesel is more biodegradable that conventional diesel making any spills less damaging in sensitive areas. In general biodiesel provides more lubrication to the fuel system than low-sulfur diesel. 

An American public that is provided fill and accurate information on the safety, environmental advantages, medical uses, national and global security, and other benefits of well-managed nuclear technology. 

Public awareness of nuclear energy s environmental benefits is increasing. An open-ended question gave respondents an opportunity to name up to four advantages of nuclear energy. In March 1999, 40% mentioned an environmental advantage, compared with 30% in January 1998. 

Macromolecular complexing agents have featured a good deal in recent research. Although they do not yet appear to have attained any significant commercial use, they possess interesting properties, not least their environmental advantages, that offer potential for future exploitation. 

The nitro-aldol reaction can also be carried out in water using NaOH in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC1) as a cationic surfactant. CTAC1 (5 mmol) is added to a mixture of nitroalkane (50 mmol) and aldehyde (50 mmol) in NaOH 0.025 M (150 mL) at room temperature. The mixture is stirred for 2-3 h and worked up to give the product in 70-90% yield. Compared with the classical methods, this procedure has economical and environmental advantages (Eq. 3.16).27... 

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