Residential roads

Various populations in Missouri were exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD in 1971 and 1972 as a result of spraying approximately 29 kg of 2,3,7,8-TCDD-contaminated waste oil on horse arenas, parking lots, and residential roads for dust control (Andrews et al. 1989). The oils originated from an industrial waste residue contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD at levels of 305 ppm (Needham et al. 1991). An exposed group of 51 adults have been the subject of several studies. Adipose tissue levels, as well as paired human serum levels, were measured for 36 of these persons. Sixteen of the individuals were residents of areas where roadways had been sprayed and had mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD adipose tissue levels of 21.1 ppt (range,... 

Residential roads should be designed to be safe for all road users. In 2007 the Department for Transport produced Manual for Streets which gives advice for designing lightly trafficked residential streets. 

A residential road with limited forward visibility... 

Some 21% of pedestrian accidents occur on residential roads. 

For residential roads, 54% of pedestrian accidents involve injury to children. 

Speed management, such as introducing a 20 mph speed limit in residential roads, could produce a 50% reduction in the number of pedal cyclists killed or seriously injured. 

At the Taylor Road landfill (originally intended for the disposal of municipal refuse only), unknown quantities of hazardous wastes from industrial and residential sources were deposited. During the period when the landfill was active, soil and groundwater samples collected at the site were found to contain concentrations of volatile organic compounds and metals above acceptable safe drinking water standards. Analysis of samples collected from private drinking water wells indicated that contamination... 

Location of any existing or probable locations for new railroads, roads, power lines and power sources, telephone lines, water supply, residential and/or industrial buildings or structures. 

Suitable sites are normally limited to those areas designed in development plans as being for industrial or commercial uses. Such land should be capable of being accessed directly from the primary or secondary distributor roads in the area. Segregation of tmcks and tmck access from residential areas should be achieved where possible. 

Control of Waste Movement at Roads and Residential Areas... 

Site control at roads and residential areas will include at least the following activities ... 

The means of transporting hazardous waste into the incinerator plant should be carefully considered. Routes of access should be selected to minimize accident (release) potential and to avoid residential and play areas if possible. For the remediation of Superfund sites, for which no over-the-road hauling is required, care is still needed to avoid spills and releases when transporting the wastes on-site. 

Source categories residential, commercial and other combustion, industrial processes, extraction distribution of fossil fuels, solvent use, road transport, other mobile sources, waste treatment and disposal, agriculture (SNAP 2, 4-10). 

Traffic is the dominant source on the urban and local level. For PMio, small contributions from industry, as well as from the off-road and commercial and residential sectors, were identified. Several high impact measures such as a congestion charge, a low emission zone and the renewal of the public transport fleet have already been implemented. 

Owing to their greater exposure to motor vehicle exhaust emissions, it is possible that fatty foods on sale at shops attached to petrol stations or at stalls and shops in busy roads could contain higher concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons than similar foods on sale at other shops. A study in Germany found that concentrations of benzene and toluene were higher in retail packs from petrol stations on busy roads than from petrol stations in rural areas.15 It also found that retail packs from shops in busy roads contained higher concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylenes and ethylbenzene than retail packs from shops in residential areas. 

Residential/Environmental Exposures. Several incidents in which populations were exposed to potentially high levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD include an industrial accident that occurred during the production of 2,4,5-TCP at the ICMESA plant in Seveso, Italy and the spraying of roads and other places... 

Figure 2 UK emission statistics by UNECE source category (1) Combustion in Energy production and transformation (2) Combustion in commercial, institutional, residential and agriculture (3) Combustion in industry (4) Production processes (5) Extraction and distribution offossil fuels (6) Solvent use (7) Road transport (8) Other transport and mobile machinery (9) Waste treatment and disposal (10) Agriculture, forestry and land use change (11) Nature...

Communities can also reduce noise by locating freeways far from residential neighborhoods, by reducing the speed on freeways and other high-speed roads, by requiring developers to plant trees and shrubbery as sound mufflers, and by requiring people to build houses and other structures with materials that help absorb sound. 

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