Research needed synthesis

Itoh, H. Sugimoto,T. (2001) Synthesis of monodispersed magnetic particles by the gel-sol method and their magnetic properties. Stud. Surface Sci. Catalysis 132 251-254 Iwasaki, 1. (1978) Selective flocculation of fine grained iron bearing materials. In Somasun-darun, P. Arbiter, N. (eds.) Benefication of mineral fines. Problems and research needs. New York, 257-262... 

Group VIII sulfides are obtained by the low-temperature precipitation described above. However, a preferred synthesis involves the direct sulfidation with hydrogen sulfide of ammonium hexachlorometallates. A good example is found in the synthesis of RuS2 and Rh2S3 (28). However, synthetic techniques and the solid-state chemistry of the Group VIII sulfides are not as well developed as those for the Group VII sulfides, and much research needs... 

Though great advances have been made in the preparation of SF5 raw materials, more process research needs to be done before SF5-containing agrochemicals are commercially viable. The initial synthesis of pentafluorosulfur phenyl derivatives from silver difluoride and aryl disulfides resulted in low yields (Fig. 39) [178,179], Later, this procedure was improved by adjusting the temperature of the reaction, but it still relied on the use of expensive AgF2 [177,180],... 

Source Shinner. R., Fourth Technical Meeting of COGARN, presented in Coal Gasification Direct Applications and Synthesis of Chemicals and Fuels A Research Needs Assessment, by Penner, S. S., and others for US DOE.24... 

A broad array of organic reactions displays bifnrcating PESs. An extensive review of examples was authored by Houk. Tantillo has shown examples of bifurcations in terpene synthesis, and a few examples have been found in substitution chemistry. The importance of dynamics cannot be overstated for reactions on bifurcating surfaces and clearly additional research needs to be done, especially to aid in creating more robust predictive models. 

Various directions of future research needs and opportunities are discussed. These directions include the development of theoretical descriptions of the superconducting behavior and formation of high T materials, the synthesis and characterization of such materials, and the fabrication of corresponding wires, fibers, thin films and device structures, with applications such as in microcircuitry. New types of chemistry associated with superconducting solids and surfaces are also suggested. 

It was widely expressed that more effort needs to be put into making research outcomes more accessible (Scott et al., 2005). Different audiences need different outputs, and traditional forms of communication within the science community do not meet policy makers needs. Many felt that two key stages are currently neglected dissemination of scientific knowledge beyond the scientific world and translation/synthesis of findings for policy. In different science-meets-policy events, it was considered that the job is only half done on completion of a research project. Synthesis is needed across the research portfolio. Policy makers are also interested in work in progress projects should be required to produce an annual summary of policy implications ( layman report ). 

New equipment as well as new chemical and analytical methods are necessary to accommodate today s research needs. Scheme 1 summarizes the practical synthesis of a-1 agonist ABT-866 (1-4), which includes a catalytic hydrogenation. In the preparation ABT-866, we were required to rapidly evaluate an array of catalysts and conditions for a hydrogenation step in the synthesis of this clinical candidate. The limited amount of starting material in this project restricted the use of standard hydrogenation apparatus such as pressure bottles, autoclaves, atmospheric hydrogenation, and shakers. 

In this chapter we have described the production of DHCDs from aromatic compounds, their polymerization into PPP, and the properties and applications of the polymer. Large-scale synthesis of DHCD has been demonstrated, and DHCD is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as in chemical industries for polymer productions. A review of these points was given by Ballard and others in 1994. We have added recent study results obtained since then, such as research on different types of dioxygenases, strain development by recombination, and genetical modification. More research needs to be done, on one hand, to develop the process technology for commercialization of this new polymer and chemical intermediates. On the other hand, research on a series of DHCDs and their derivatives and new applications of the polymers would create many new opportunities for industry. 

Mollenhauer K. and L. Caspar. 2012. Synthesis of European knowledge on asphalt recycling Options, best practices and research needs. Proceedings of the Sth Eurasphalt Eurobitume Congress. Istanbul, Turkey. 

---