Research groups, definition

To be practical, then, nanotechnology must be precise, extremely fast, and amenable to mass production. Perhaps this strikes you as definitely in the realm of science fiction rather than science fact, and perhaps it is. Nevertheless, scientists at many universities are vigorously tackling the challenges of this field, and major technology companies have active research groups as well. 

In February 1928, Wallace H. Carothers (Figure 1.2), then an Instructor at Harvard, joined du Pont at Wilmington to set up a fundamental research group in organic chemistry. One of the first topics he chose was the nature of polymers, which he proposed to study by using synthetic methods. He intended to build up some very large molecules by simple and definite reactions in such a way that... 

Finally, the reproducibility of the nanocarbons and their hybrids is of paramount importance when implementing them into commercial devices. This will require the definition of key characteristics and the development of standard synthesis methodology that will also enable better comparison of results between research groups. 

Rowe, G.W., Friction, Wear and Lubrication Terms and Definitions, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Research Group on Wear and Engineering Materials, Paris, 1969. 

Concluding remarks. - From the above it is clear that neither the problem of the structure of supported vanadium oxide nor that of the special role of Ti02 as a support have definitively been solved. Further work on these and related problems is certainly necessary. As suggested above a more widespread use of some of the experimental methods by different research groups, allowing a comparison of the results, offers important advantages in this respect. 

The CF technique has attracted several research groups to construct unique and unusual prototypes of small-size flow-through reactors for singlemode instruments as well as for domestic ovens. Although these kinds of applicators do not really meet our definition of scale-up we will nevertheless mention the most interesting CF approaches in this context. 

Several definitions have also been given by the IFCC and other research groups ... 

In practice there is a continuous range of coating hardnesses varying from very soft to very hard, and the hardness is determined not only by the binder but by the concentrations of molybdenum disulphide and other solid components. The definition of hardness is also relative to the service contact loads. A coating of intermediate hardness may behave like a hard film under low contact pressures or like a soft film under high contact pressures. As a result, it is very difficult to compare the quoted load-carrying capacity and wear lives of different films tested under different conditions by different research groups. 

Pyrazole, in all possible states, either free or complexed, shows C symmetry, with positions 3 and 5 clearly differentiated, even if it is not possible to assign individual bands to these positions, for example t (CH) or y (CH). Both research groups carried out normal coordinate calculations using different potentials. In spite of the large amount of data obtained, the problem is not definitively settled and more experimental work and quantum mechanical calculations are to be expected in the next few years. 

A number of crystalline VOPO4 phases were detected in the VPO catalysts by different research groups [11,12] that displayed vastly different catalytic behavior during on-stream conditioning (Figure 2). Poorly crystalline and amorphous VOPO4 phases present in the catalysts are often undetected by XRD. The presence of such disordered phases may be confirmed by other characterization techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and P spin echo NMR. The incomplete phase analysis of VPO catalysts is one of the major reasons responsible for several alternative definitions of the equilibrated state and the nature of the active VPO phase [10-12]. In many cases, only short-term VPO conditioning... 

American Academy of Neurology (AAN) (1991) Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 infection. Report of a working group of the American academy of neurology AIDS task force. Neurology 41 778-785. 

The poisonous properties of the alkaloidal material obtained from the yew tree were first investigated by Borchers in 1876 [18], but its structural characterization was exceedingly slow, despite intensive work by numerous research groups. The first clue came only in 1923, when Winterstein, the chemist who coined the classical definition of an alkaloid, showed that taxine is the ester of a polyalkol esterified with acetic acid and (L)-P-dimethylamino-P-phenylpropionic acid [19], This P-aminoacid was then named after Winterstein. The early studies on taxine were... 

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