Reproductive environmental studies

NAS/NRC. 1989. Biological markers in reproductive toxicology. National Research Council. Board of Environmental Studies and Toxicology. Committee on Biological Markers. 15-35. 

Safety assessment scientists and technicians and even QA personnel sometimes overlook the importance of environmental control equipment to valid study results. Animals stressed by extremes of temperature or humidity may 5ueld spurious data reproductive toxicology studies may be compromised by malfunctioning timers for the control of light/ dark cycles inadequate air filtration may expose experimental animals to environmental contaminants that confound experimental results. 

NRC (2001) Evaluating chemical and other agent exposures for reproductive and developmental toxicity. Report of the Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council. Washington, DC, National Academy Press. 

Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council... 

Laboratory studies provide data for assessment of reproductive and developmental toxicity, and laboratory and environmental studies provide data for assessment of potential exposure. These data have demonstrated that for some pesticides and pesticide candidates, a potential may exist for exposure, and reproductive or developmental toxicity. This paper does not present an... 

In fact, pesticides are some of the most thoroughly studied chemicals in our environment. Typical data needed for a food tolerance include acute, subchronic, reproduction, and chronic, as well as oncogenicity, mutagenicity, and environmental studies [26]. Pesticides are unique in that not only studies from the mammalian health perspective are completed but also environmental investigations [27, 28]. 

Case Studies in Environmental Medicine Taking an Exposure History—The importance of taking an exposure history and how to conduct one are described, and an example of a thorough exposure history is provided. Other case studies of interest include Reproductive and Developmental Hazards Skin Lesions and Environmental Exposures Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticide Toxicity and numerous chemical-specific case studies. 

Thus, as with studies on the double-crested cormorant in the Great Lakes (see Chapter 16 in Walker et al. 2006), there is evidence of a continuing (although reduced) effect of p,p -DDE on reproductive success even after environmental levels had fallen and eggshell thinning was much less. This raises the possibility that p,p -DDE may have had toxic effects other than eggshell thinning on these species (Nisbet 1989). There is the further complication that other OCs such as PCBs, dieldrin, and hep-tachlor epoxide were present in the same samples and may have had toxic effects. 

Munkittrick, K.R., McMaster, M.E., McCarthy, L.H. et al. (1998). An overview of recent studies on the potential of pulp-mill effluents to alter reproductive parameters in fish. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews 1, 347-371. 

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