Biomass renewable energy

P.A. Jensen, K. Dam-Johansen and B. Sander, Pretreatment of straw by pyrolysis and char wash. Proceedings of the 2" Olle LindstOm Conference on renewable energy - biomass, 9-11 June 1999, Stockholm, 1999... 

Roadmap for Agriculture Biomass Feedstock Supply in the United States, DOE/NE-ID-11129 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Biomass Program Washington, DC, 2003. 

Ethanol is being hailed as the fuel of the future. Interest in the production of fuel ethanol from renewable sources has increased significantly. For fuel ethanol production to become a practical reality, cheaper substrates and more efficient production processes are needed [1,2]. Biomass, which includes all plant and plant-derived material, forms a potential renewable source of sugars that can be fermented to produce fuel ethanol and a variety of other fuels and chemicals. In addition to the many benefits common to renewable energy, biomass is particularly attractive because it is currently the only renewable sustainable energy source for liquid transportation fuel. 

U.S. Department of Energy. Energy efficiency and renewable energy biomass program." Technical report, U.S. Department of Energy, 2010. 

A projection of biomass energy consumption in the United States for the years 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030 is shown in Table 6 by end use sector (12). This analysis is based on a National Premiums Scenario which assumes that specific market incentives are appHed to aU. new renewable energy technology deployment. The scenario depends on the enactment of federal legislation equivalent to a fossil fuel consumption tax. Any incentives over and above those in place (ca 1992) for use of renewable energy will have a significant impact on biomass energy consumption. 

Projections of market penetrations and contributions to primary consumption of energy from biomass are subject to much criticism and contain significant errors. However, even though these projections may be incorrect, they are necessary to assess the future role and impact of renewable energy resources, and to help in deciding whether a potential renewable energy resource should be developed. 

D. L. Klass, ed., A. Directory of U.S. Renewable Energy Technology Vendors, Biomass, Photovoltaics, Solar Thermal, Wind, Biomass Energy Research Association, Washington, D.C., 1990, for U.S. Agency for International Development, 74 pp. 

First Biomass Conference of the Americas Energy, Environment, Agriculture, andindustry, NREL/CP-200-5768, DE930/0050, Proceedings Vols. I—III, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colo., 1993, 1942 pp. 

Fig. 7. Biofuels and biomass electricity production. Courtesy of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

If hydrogen is made from decarbonized fossil fuels, fuel-cycle emissions can be cut by up to 80 percent. With renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, or wind, the fuel cycle greenhouse gas emissions are virtually eliminated. It is possible to envision a future energy system based on hydrogen and fuel cells with little or no emissions of pollutants or greenhouse gases in fuel production, distribution, or use. 

Most important, reliable and no-regrettable measures are two move to renewable energies and energy saving/conservation. The concept of renewable energy is shown in Fig. 2. The trials of developments of new route to solar energies, for example production of polycrystalline silicon is important [9, 10]. The conversion of waste oil to fiiel has also been investigated [11]. The study on coal conversion is also developed to the biomass conversion study. 

Werpy, T. Peterson, G. (eds) (2004) Top Value-Added Chemicals from Biomass, Vol. 1. Results of Screening of Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US, August 2004. 

Because of limits on the amount of land accordingly available for growing plants that can be used for energy, bioenergy cannot be viewed globally as the sole replacement or substitute for fossil fuels, but rather as one element in a broader portfolio of renewable energy sources [1]. In rural locations in developing countries without current access to electricity, however, biomass can provide a transformative local power source. 

The heatpipe reformer process concept for hydrogen-rich syngas production. (Reproduced from Karellas, S., Metz, T., Kuhn, S., and Karl, J., Online analysis of the tar content of the product gas from biomass gasification. Application on the BIOHPR. 14th European Biomass Conference Exhibition, Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection, ETA-Renewable Energies, Paris, 2005. With permission.)... 

---