Removal from diesel fuel

Olsen, C., Krenzke, L.D., and Watkins, B. Sulfur removal from diesel fuel optimizing HDS activity through the SMART catalyst system. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Refinery Processing, AIChE Spring National Meeting. New Orleans, LA, 2002. 

SynSat [Synergetic Saturation] A process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds from diesel fuel. Developed by ABB Lummus Crest and Criterion Catalyst Company. Six units were operating in 1996. 

Use of surfactants may prove to be a good technique for separating diesel fuel fit>m a soil as indicated in results obtained in preliminary screening tests (removal efficiencies up to 97%) and from results of other studies performed on laboratory-packed soil columns (removal efficiencies up to 8.6%), assuming flow through the bulk matrix. Results presented here using undisturbed, diesel-fuel-contaminated soil cores taken from a site indicate, however, that removal of diesel fuel from the soil flooded with surfactant solution was generally less than 1%. Low removal efficiencies in these soil... 

Copper catalysis for particulate removal from diesel exhaust gas. Copper fuel additives in combination with copper coatings. 

A natural product from Pinus halepensis trees can be used to remove water residues from diesel fuels. 

The sorbent that forms a 7r-complexation bond with molecules of a targeted component in a mixture is named 7r-complexation sorbent. The r-complexation bond is a type of weak and reversible chemical bond, the same type that binds oxygen to hemoglobin in our blood. This type of sorbent has been developed in the past decade, largely in the author s laboratory. Because they have shown a tremendous potential for a number of important applications in separation and purification, they are discussed separately in Chapter 8. This chapter also presents their applications for olefin/paraffin separations, olefin purification (by removal of dienes to <1 ppm, separation of CO, as well as aromatics from aliphatics. The particularly promising application of 7r-complexation sorbents for sulfur removal from transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels) is discussed in Chapter 10. 

With respect to commercial oxidation process development, Petro Star Inc. recently announced a desulfurization technology which removes sulfur from diesel fuels using chemical oxidation " " ". Desulfurization of diesel fuel is accomplished by first forming a water emulsion with the diesel fuel. In the emulsion, the sulfur atom is oxidized to a sulfone using peroxyacetic acid 138,145 -g 5y liquid/liquid extraction to remove the oxidized... 

Chemists have found ways to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from fossil fuels. They now produce Tow-sulfur versions of petrol and diesel. In power stations that burn fossil fuels, the sulfur is removed from the fuel before burning. Alternatively sulfur dioxide can be removed from the waste gases before they are released to the atmosphere through tall chimneys. 

The carbonate fuel cell utilizes both H2 and CO at the anode. The conunonly available fuels being considered for carbonate fuel cells include natural gas, gaseous fuels derived from biomass and coal, landfill gas, biomass-derived ethanol, propane, diesel, and bio-diesel. Important properties of these fuels from fuel cells viewpoint are listed in Table 1. Sulfur and halogens present in some of these fuels are eonsidered harmful to fuel processing catalysts and the fuel cell. Therefore, these undesired components need to be removed from the fuel stream. Other potential contaminants such as siloxane in the renewable fuels (biomass digester gas and landfill gas) also should be removed from the fuel prior to fuel processing for fuel cells. 

The early developments of solvent processing were concerned with the lubricating oil end of the cmde. Solvent extraction processes are appHed to many usefiil separations in the purification of gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, and other oils. In addition, solvent extraction can replace fractionation in many separation processes in the refinery. For example, propane deasphalting (Fig. 7) has replaced, to some extent, vacuum distillation as a means of removing asphalt from reduced cmde oils. 

Supercritical CO2 has also beea tested as a solveat for the removal of organic contaminants from sod. At 60°C and 41.4 MPa (6,000 psi), more than 95% of contaminants, such as diesel fuel and polychlotinated biphenyls (PCBs), may be removed from sod samples (77). Supercritical CO2 can also extract from sod the foUowiag hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlotinated hydrocarbons, phenols, chlotinated phenols, and many pesticides (qv) and herbicides (qv). Sometimes a cosolvent is required for extracting the more polar contaminants (78). 

The thermal desorption process could be an excellent first step in soil treatment if used in conjunction with another ex situ treatment. Thermal desorption can remove TCE, most diesel fuel, and perhaps organically bound lead. Chemical Waste Management, Inc., has claimed that thermal desorption can reduce volatile organics to less than 1 mg/L and inorganics to less than 10 mg/L (sometimes even to less than 1 mg/L), and has shown a removal of 96 to 99+% of PCBs from soils containing 120 to 6000 mg/L of initial PCBs.17-91... 

Eolys A process for removing 80 to 90 percent of the particulate carbon from diesel exhaust gases. It uses a catalytic fuel additive containing cerium. Developed by Rhone-Poulenc in 1995 and licensed to Sumitomo Metal Mining Company in Japan in 1996. 

One of the major challenges in the petroleum industry today is the removal of sulfur compounds, especially refractive ones such as 4,6-dimethyldibenzo-thiophene (DMDBT), from petroleum fractions such as diesel to concentrations <5-10 ppm from the current values of 50-500 ppm. The current technology is hydrodesulfurization catalyzed by cobalt-nickel-molybdenum sulfides at high pressures. Reducing sulfur concentratios in diesel fuels below 5-10 ppm... 

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