Regulators multiple

Originally described in the immune system, NFAT proteins comprise a family of transcriptional factors that play key roles in many cellular processes that control not only immune responses but also the development, regulation, and differentiation of many other tissues. Activation of NFAT proteins results in the expression of specific sets of genes that regulate multiple cell functions [1,2]. 

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) PPREs Regulate multiple aspects of lipid metabolism Activated by fibrates and thiazolidinediones Zinc finger... 

Takahashi SX, Miriyala J, Tay LH, Yue DT, Colecraft HM (2005) A CaVbeta SH3/guanylate kinase domain interaction regulates multiple properties of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. J Gen Physiol 126 365-77... 

Steroid receptors contain multiple functional domains (Fig. 3) that are modular and whose sequences can be extensively conserved across the superfamily. Thus it is not surprising that there is considerable cross talk between and among members of the superfamily and their various shared partner proteins. As will be evident from Table 3, there is considerable overlap in the spectrum of enzymes regulated by nuclear receptors. Many examples exist wherein an individual nuclear receptor regulates multiple enzymes (16). 

Barak LS, Menard L, Ferguson SS, Colapietro AM, Caron MG. The conserved seven-transmembrane sequence NP(X)2,3Y of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily regulates multiple properties of the beta 2-adreneigic receptor. Biochemistry 1995 34 15,407-15,414. 

The promiscuity of the delta opioid receptor to regulate multiple effectors also is reflected in the ability of the receptor to induce GTP binding to all the G /G0 a subunits. By using either 32P-azidoanilido GTP to photoaffinity label the Ga subunits or cholera toxin to ADP-ribosylate the Gj/Go a subunits after their dissociation from the (S-y subunits, several reports have indicated that the delta opioid receptors could activate the Gj/G0 proteins with equal potency [22 24]. The ability of delta opioid receptor to activate G protein other than G /G0 was demonstrated by the coimmunoprecipitation of receptor with the recombinant Gz, which has 66% sequence homology with that of the G /G0 and which cannot be inactivated by PTX [25]. The ability of delta opioid receptor to interact with Gz presents a probable explanation for those observations that opioid receptor activities could not be blocked by PTX. We will review the delta opioid receptor activation of these G proteins and the mechanism for the subsequent effectors regulation separately. 

Authorisation should regulate multiple sources of environmental emissions from manufacturing or products. 

C-atom on a global scale. However, the actual cycling and turn-over rates of carbon in biological systems within various micro-environments have to be considered short-circuited and much more rapid, as numerous radiocarbon labeling experiments show. Life processes also stimulate and regulate multiple subcycles of carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation (see Chapters 2.2 and 2.4). On the other hand, some carbon deposited in stable continental interiors (cratons) remains protected from dissolution (or oxidation) and recycling from the time of deposition billions (10 ) of years ago up to the present. 

ABC-D (4) regulators, multiple drug resistance associated proteins Cholesterol, fatty acid transporters, ALD, ALDL Brain... 

Note There are some other capacitor-based possibilities — in particular charge pumps — also called inductor-less switching regulators. These are usually restricted to rather low powers and produce output rails that are rather crudely regulated multiples of the input rail. In this book, we are going to ignore these types altogether. 

The sHsps are a diverse family of proteins, which are related by possession of a common, defined a-crystallin structural domain. While virtually all of these proteins share the capacity to act as chaperones by binding non-native proteins in an ATP-independent manner, evolutionary arguments and biochemical data indicate that they can interact with many different proteins to influence a potentially wide range of functions in different cells and organisms. In this regard, they are similar to other chaperones which, by the ability to bind diverse substrates, act to protect and/or to regulate multiple cellular processes. 

Ng, D. T., Spear, E. D., and Walter, P. (2000). The unfolded protein response regulates multiple aspects of secretory and membrane protein biogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum quality control./. Cell Biol. 150, 77-88. 

Zhang, W., Patil, S., Chauhan, B., Guo, S., Powell, D. R., Le, J., Klotsas, A., Matika, R., Xiao, X., Franks, R., et al. FoxOl regulates multiple metabolic pathways in the liver effects on gluconeogenic, glycolytic, and lipogenic gene expression. J Biol Chem 281 (2006) 10105-10117. 

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