Regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted RANTES

Platelet-derived chemokines CCL5 [regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] and CXCL4 (PF4) influence macrophages adhesion to endothelial cell by triggering monocyte arrest in atherosclerotic arteries. RANTES was the most efficient arrest chemokine (33). PF4 induced neutrophil adhesion and secondary granule exocytosis. 

Luboshits, G., S. Shina, O. Kaplan, S. Engelberg, D. Nass, B. Lifshitz-Mercer, S. Chaitchik, I. Keydar, and A. Ben-Baruch. 1999. Elevated expression of the CC chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer Res 59 4681. 

Apo E, apolipoprotein E CAD, coronary artery disease FKN, fractalkine MHC, major histocompatibility complex MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases NK, natural killer oxLDL, oxidized LDL RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells. 

RANTES—factor regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted... 

After binding and phagocytosis, alveolar macrophages and monocytes release pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. lL-1, interferon-y and tumor necrosis factor-a (fig. 1). These cytokines activate resident cells (epithelial cells, fibroblasts) to produce chemokines such as lL-8, granulocyte-monocyte-colony-stimulating factor, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) that will result in a second wave of cell recruitment (mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells). 

Oravecz, T., Pall, M., Roderiquez, G., Gorrell, M. D., Ditto, M., Nguyen, N. Y., Boykins, R., Unsworth, E., and Norcross, M. A. (1997). Regulation of the receptor specificity and function of the chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26)-mediated cleavage. J. Exp. Med. 186, 1865-1872. 

The immunomodulatory effect of a polysaccharide (HCP-2) isolated from Houttuynia cordata is described in [76]. Previous papers described the bioactivities of water extract of H. cordata [72-74], but few pharmacological studies on isolated polysaccharides have been described [75]. HCP-2 increased the secretions of interleukin-1(3 (IL-1(3), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), macrophage inhibitory proteins (MIP-la and MIP-1(3), and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [76]. 

Until 3 yr ago, only a dozen or so chemokines were known. It was clear then that IL-8 and related CXC chemokines were primarily active on neutrophils, whereas the CC chemokines, including MIP-la, MIP-ip, MCP-1 and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), were active on various subpopulations of mononuclear cells as well as granulocytes other than neutrophils. In addition, the first CC chemokines were shown to have some selectivity towards different subsets of leukocytes, e.g., RANTES for monocytes, memory T cells, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells and dendritic cells, whereas the activity of MIP-ip appeared more restricted to monocytes, T cells, NK cells, and hematopoietic progenitors. Other CC chemokines appear highly specific, for instance, eotaxin, which only appears to be a chemoattractant for eosinophils. 

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