Regional expression

The heterogeneity of the VN primary neurones is reflected in their modes of chemosensory preferences. The relative binding efficiencies for distinct odourant types onto the membrane sites is indeed functionally partitioned. When urinary fractions from male mice were applied to VN cells of females, stimulation by a lipophilic and volatile odourant fraction activated only the Gi protein-expressing cells. In contrast, Go activation was elicited by one of the lipocalin superfamily the MUP fraction containing an a-2-globulin (Krieger, 1999). This observation 

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Monyer H, Bumashev N, Laurie DJ, Sakmann B, Seeburg PH (1994) Developmental and regional expression in the rat brain and functional properties of four NMDA receptors. Neuron 12(3) 529-540... 

Varnas, K., Hurd, Y. L. Hall, H. (2005). Regional expression of 5-HTib receptor mRNA in the human brain. Synapse 56, 21-8. 

Dennis, K. E., and Levitt, P. (2005) Regional expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is correlated with dynamic patterns of promoter methylation in the developing mouse forebrain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 140, 1-9. 

Studies were undertaken to quantify transporters and examine regional expression in the intestine. mRNA levels in the gut were studied by Englund et al. [35]. Nine transporters were examined and eight were shown to have significant regional differences in expression. In addition, up to a 20-fold difference in expression was observed for certain transporters between intestinal tissue and Caco-2 cells. Expression of transporters in cell models compared to normal tissue can be markedly different, depending on the age of the cells, passage number and culture conditions [35]. Cell models may under- or overexpress transporters. In addition cell lines may express transporters which may not be relevant in vivo. 

Sncher NJ, Akbarian S, Chi CL, et al (1995) Developmental and regional expression pattern of a novel NMDA receptor-like snbnnit (NMDA receptor-1) in the rodent brain. J Nenrosci 15 6509-6520... 

Alcohol is interesting in that its potentiating effects seem to be brain region specific, that is, GABA receptors in the cerebellum, cortex, and spinal cord seem to be more sensitive to alcohol than those in other brain regions. Expression studies have also shown that a specific form of yj subunit appears to be crucial [see below). 

Energy of electromagnetic photon in the visible and uv regions expressed in different units... 

Aqueous systems of molecules as different as lecithins and monoglycerides have very similar phase diagrams (cf. Figures 3 and 5), which illustrates that lipids with similar size relations between hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions (expressed for example by the HLB value) give the same type of water interaction. If ionic groups are present, the lamellar... 

Although the distribution of 5-HT receptors is described elsewhere in this volume, it is of interest to discuss the regional expression of 5-HT7 receptors in the brain in relation to proposed receptor functions. The distribution of 5-HT7 receptors has been determined using in situ hybridization, immunohistochem-istry, and radioligand binding. 

Breese CR, Adams C, Logel J, Drebing C, Rollins Y, et al. 2000. Comparison of the regional expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 mRNA and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin binding in human postmortem brain. J Comp Neurol 387(3) 385-398. 

Regional expression of RGS4 mRNA in human brain. Eur J Neurosci 19 3125-3128. 

Kristiansen LV, Beneyto M, Haroutunian V, Meador-Woodruff JH. 2006. Changes in NMDA receptor subunits and interacting PSD proteins in dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex indicate abnormal regional expression in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 11(8) 737-747. 

The regional expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes determines the zone-specific localization of toxicant damage. Many hepatotoxicants elicit perivenous damage because CYPs are preferentially localized in centrilobular hepatocytes. For example, acetaminophen causes hepatotoxicity because the reactive... 

Equations (8.60b) and (8.60c) suggest that Co Coo for moderately high molecular weight. To obtain a ratio p/M independent of molecular weight requires, in the low molecular weight region, expressing the viscosity in terms of pCoo/Co (31)- It should be pointed out that the friction coefficient... 

These five institutions described above are flanked by five other important EU bodies, that is, the European Economic and Social Committee (expresses the opinions of organized civil society on economic and social issues), the Committee of the Regions (expresses the opinions of regional and local authorities), the European Central Bank (responsible for monetary policy and managing the euro), the European Ombudsman (deals with citizens complaints about misadministration by any EU institution or body), and the European Investment Bank (helps achieve EU objectives by financing investment projects). 

Wyszynski M, Kharazia V, Shanghvi R, Rao A, Beggs AH, et al. 1998. Differential regional expression and ultrastructural localization of alpha-actinin-2, a putative NMDA receptor-anchoring protein, in rat brain. J. Neurosci. 18 1383-92... 

Kawai K, Sugimoto K, Nakashima K, Miura H, Ninomiya Y (2000) Leptin as a modulator of sweet taste sensitivities in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 11044-11049 Kim MR, Kusakabe Y, Miura H, Shindo Y, Ninomiya Y, Hino A (2003) Regional expression patterns of taste receptors and gustducin in the mouse tongue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 312 500-506... 

Schaller KL, Caldwell JH 2000 Developmental and regional expression of sodium channel isoform NaCh6 in the rat central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 420 84-97... 

Regional expression patterns of taste receptors and gustducin in the mouse tongue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 312 500-506. 

Developmental and regional expression in the rat brain and functional properties of four NMDA receptors. Neuron 12 529-540. 

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