Toxic damage

Penninks AH, Seinen W (1980) The lymphocyte as target of toxicity a biochemical approach to dialkyltin induced immunosuppression. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Immunological System as Target for Toxic Damage. Advances in Immunopharmacology, 2 41-60. 

Zbinden, G. (1986). A toxicologist s view of immunotoxicology. In Proceedings of an International Seminar in the Immunological System as a Target for Toxic Damage, CIJ, Everueax, France. 

The nature of toxic damage produced by a chemical, the part of the body where that damage occurs, the severity of the damage, and the likelihood that the damage can be reversed, all depend upon the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, ADME for short. 

Certain antibiotics such as the tetracyclines, streptomycin, neomycin and kanamycin can cripple the tubules if taken in excessive amounts. Toxic damage to the kidneys can affect not only their filtration functions, but can alter the organs control over blood levels of certain critical molecules. A complex biochemical-hormonal system controlling blood pressure and volume, for example, is regulated by the kidneys, so that chronic kidney damage can inflict damage on the... 

The nervous system has many complex components hut we shall not go more deeply into its structure and functioning here. Obviously, toxic damage to certain of its components can he unfavorable for the whole organism, because the nervous system is intimately involved in control of virtually all of the body s mental and physical functions. 

These arguments are countered by the point that it is difficult to be sure that what we have called the initiating toxic damage was actually responsible for the production of tumors. It might still be the case that the neoplasms would have developed even in the absence of that toxicity. So we should not, so this argument goes, drop our concern until we are certain that cancers would not have occurred without prior toxicity. This is not easy it is tough to rule one way or the other on this issue without additional data. 

Bomski H, Sobolewska A, Strakowski A. 1967. [Toxic damage of the liver by chloroform in chemical industry workers.] Int Arch F Gewerbepathologie u. Gewerbehygiene 24 127-134 (German)... 

Primary hypogonadism (congenital or acquired) Test cu ar failure due to cryptorchidism, bilateral torsion, orchitis, vanishing testis syndrome, or orchidectomy Klinefelter syndrome, chemotherapy, or toxic damage from alcohol or heavy metals. 

If spilled on the skin or in the eyes liquid N2IL, can cause severe local damage or burns and can cause dermatitis. In addition it can penetrate skin to cause systemic effects similar to those produced when the compound is swallowed or inhaled. Inhalation of the vapor causes local irritation of the respiratory tract and eyes. On short exposure systemic effects involve the central nervous system. Resultant symptoms include tremors, on exposure to higher concentrations, convulsions and possibly death follow. Repeated exposures may cause toxic damage to the liver (fatty liver) and kidney (interstitial nephritis), as well as anemia. The threshold limit value of hydrazine is 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3)(Ref 20) (See also Refs 27 c and 33a)... 

In contrast to local irritants and corrosive acids and alkalis, other chemicals, such as the drug paracetamol (see chap. 7), cause systemic toxicity, damaging the liver, possibly irreversibly and with some delay after an oral overdose. Penicillin can also cause systemic toxicity as a result of an immune reaction, which may be immediate and serious, if it is anaphylaxis (see chap. 7). However, this effect, if not fatal, is reversible. 

Some toxicants damage the microtubules such as the colchicines and the metabolite of hexane, 2-5-hexanedione. 

Determine whether implantation of embryonic neural tissue is a biologically viable method of alleviating the consequences of toxic damage prolonged in the central nervous system by trimethyl tin. 

Stress condition where oxygen (radical) reacts with internal components in cells (e.g., lipids and DNA) and produces damages that eventually kill or destroy tissues. Considered as a universal mechanism of toxic damage in cells. Vol. 1(14). 

Toxic damage as in manganese, cyanide, carbon monoxide, ethanol, MPTP induced changes... 

Evaluate the function of human and macaque granulosa, trophoblast and endometrial cells, and macaque embryos in response to 2,3,7,8-TCDD while being cultured in vitro, and the cellular mechanisms by which primate reproductive cells sustain toxic damage... 

The regional expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes determines the zone-specific localization of toxicant damage. Many hepatotoxicants elicit perivenous damage because CYPs are preferentially localized in centrilobular hepatocytes. For example, acetaminophen causes hepatotoxicity because the reactive... 

In addition, silybin might interact with the free radical intermediates produced during the metabolic activation of CCI4 and methylhydrazine. These effects suggest that silybin is potentially protective against harmful free radical-mediated toxic damage [62]. 

The paraquat molecule has some unusual features which account for the toxic damage it causes in the lungs. First, although only a small amount is absorbed from the gut, once in the blood paraquat does not distribute in the body evenly but is concentrated in the lungs. This is because it has similarities with a substance normally present in the body and for which there is a specific system to carry the substance into the cells of the lungs. Paraquat therefore reaches a high concentration in these cells. 

Toluene remained for longer periods of time in the lipid-rich white matter of the brain. The white matter of the brain contains axonal fibers only and no cell bodies. Some axons are myelinated, with a sheath of lipids that appears white, to speed transmission. Because toluene has a high uptake and low clearance from the white matter, this is an area that can suffer toxic damage from inhalant abuse. Damage and shrinkage of the white matter has been demonstrated in inhalant abusers. Inhalants were also found in the cerebellum, an area of the brain that is involved in motor coordination. Toluene is known to cause many malfunctions in behavior controlled by the cerebellum, resulting in an unsteady walk, muscle incoordination, and dizziness. 

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