Reformulated gasoline phases

Gasoline reformate Gasoline, reformulated Gasolines Gas permeation Gas-phase adsorptu... [Pg.435]

Aromatics are typically included in gasolines to increase octane number. However, high aromatic content increases engine-out hydrocarbons and NOx emissions.16 Moreover, aromatics are the main precursors of exhaust benzene, a known carcinogenic, via dealkylation of substituted aromatics.17 Therefore, reduction of total aromatic content, together with olefin content, is an important part of California phase III reformulated gasoline specifications,18 with respect to the current allowed concentrations of benzene and total aromatics of 0.8 and 25 percent of volume, respectively. [Pg.32]

In Regulation of Fuel and Fuel Additives Extension of California Enforcement Exemptions for Reformulated Gasoline to California Phase 3 Gasoline . EPA, Federal Register, 2005, 70(244), 75914. [Pg.60]

Federal Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) Phase 2 specifications, 11 686 Federal Register, 21 570 25 255 Federal registration, 25 258 Federal regulations, tank-related, 24 304-305... [Pg.349]

Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from California Phase II reformulated gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 3.94 and 301 mg/km, respectively... [Pg.57]

California Phase 11 reformulated gasoline contained benzo[i]fluoranthene at a concentration of 280 pg/kg. Particle-phase tailpipe emission rate from a noncatalyst-equipped gasoline-powered automobile was 32.7 pg/km (Schauer et af, 2002). [Pg.139]

The gas-phase tailpipe emission rate from California Phase II reformulated gasoline-powered automobile equipped with a catalytic converter was 124 pg/km (Schauer et al., 2002). [Pg.143]

Source In exhaust of gasoline-powered engines (1.8 vol % of total exhaust hydrocarbons) (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Detected in California Phase 11 reformulated gasoline at a concentration of 170 mg/kg (Schauer et al, 2002). [Pg.215]

Schauer et al. (1999) reported ethylbenzene in a diesel-powered medium-duty truck exhaust at an emission rate of 470 pg/km. California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained ethylbenzene at a concentration of 12,800 mg/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 4.18 and 434.0 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al, 2002). [Pg.565]

California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained heptane at a concentration of 9,700 mg/kg. [Pg.619]

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