Sesame oil refined

Sesame oil has a long history of human consumption. The processing of sesame seed to yield sesame oil varies from region to region. The major differences are (1) whether the seed coat is removed and (2) whether the seed is roasted. Figure 9 shows the flow diagrams of the processing of three major types of sesame oils produced worldwide, namely (1) refined sesame oil, which is produced from unroasted sesame seed either with seed coat or without seed coat (2) roasted sesame oil, which is produced from roasted sesame seed and (3) small mill sesame oil, which is produced from roasted dehulled sesame seed. 

Refined sesame oil is the salad oil grade of sesame oil. It is the most common type of sesame oil consumed worldwide except in the Orient. Sesame seeds are cleaned and cooked before oil extraction with expeller. Cmde sesame oil is refined by alkali-refining, bleaching, and deodorization to obtain the refined sesame oil (Figure 9). Sesame cake from oil extraction with expeller may still contain 18 22% of residual oil (54). It is often extracted with solvent or pressed again to obtain more oil. The desolventized sesame cake can then be processed into food grade sesame flour if the dehulled sesame seed is used. If the seed coats are not removed, the sesame cake can only be used as feedstuff because it contains undesirable constituents. The dehulling process will be discussed later. 

Sesame oil from roasted sesame seed has the characteristic flavor and color of the roasted sesame oil the filtered crude oil is used without further refining. Sesame oil from cold-pressed unroasted sesame seed is also used directly after filtration as a flavored oil. Crude sesame oil from unroasted sesame seeds after screw-press or hydraulic press or solvent extraction, which varies in color from yellow to dark amber, may need further refining. Refined sesame oil is usually pale yellow in color. 

Roasted Sesame Oil Sesame Seed Refined Sesame Oil... 

A typical analysis of refined sesame oil indicates the composition of the acids, present as glycerides, to he arachidic acid 0.8% linoleic acid 40.4% oleic acid 45.4% palmitic acid 9.1% and stearic acid 4.3%. Sesamin, a complex cyclic ether, and sesamolin, a glycoside, are also present in small amounts. 

The monographs for Sesame Oil in the USPNF 23 and Refined Sesame Oil in the PhEur 2005 specify the acceptable range of eight triglycerides found in sesame oil. 

Refined sesame oil is a clear, pale-yellow colored liquid with a slight, pleasant odor and a bland taste. It solidifies to a soft mass at about —4°C. 

Usually eye drops are formulated as an aqueous solution. If an oil is employed medium chain triglycerides [69] are suitable as a vehicle along with refined castor oil, refined peanut oil, refined sesame oil or mixtures of triglycerides (see Table 10.4 and Sect. 23.3.5). 

S. is obtained from the seeds of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum by expression or extraction. It is subjected to a refinement process to obtain refined sesame oil for pharmaceutical use. A typical analysis of refined s. shows the following fatty acid pattern of the triglyceride ... 

Refined rice bran oil is an excellent salad oil and frying oil with high oxidative stability resulting from its high level of tocopherols and from the presence of the oryzanols (ferulic acid esters of sterols and triterpene alcohols). The oxidative stability of this oil is exploited in Good Fry Oil. This is a frying oil based on oleic-rich sunflower oil to which is added up to 6% of rice bran and/or sesame oil to confer high oxidative stability. Rice bran oil also finds several nonfood uses (45). 

In Asia, sesame oil is obtained by pressing the roasted oilseeds and consumed as a naturally flavored oil without refining. In the western world, sesame oil is extracted by a multiple-step mechanical expeller and either the virgin oil or the... 

Sesamolin is first decomposed to sesamol by protonolysis to form an oxonium ion, and then the carbon-carbon bond is formed thus, it is hypothesized that sesa-minol is formed from sesamolin by intermolecular group transformation (91). The conversion of sesamolin to sesamol and sesaminol is illustrated in Figure 10. Both sesamol and sesaminol are strong antioxidants they contribute to the superior oxidative stability of refined or roasted sesame oil. 

TABLE 11. Contents of Sesame Lignans and Tocopherol in Unroasted Sesame Oil During Industrial Refining Process (mg/100-g Oil). ... 

Sesamin Episesamin Sesamolin Sesaminols Figure 10. Changes in sesame oil lignans induced by refining [data from Fukuda et al. (75)]. 

Canola oil corn oil cottonseed oil peanut oil refined almond oil sesame oil soybean oil. 

Sesame oil is obtained from the ripe seeds of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum Linne (Earn. Pedalia-ceae) by expression in a hydraulic press or by solvent extraction. The crude oil thus obtained is refined to obtain an oil suitable for food or pharmaceutical use. Improved color and odor may be obtained by further refining. 

Figure 5 shows the Fisher-Tumbull plot for the crystallization of blends of PS in sesame oil (26, 42, 60, and 80%) (9). This model system is a complex crystallization system. PS is a mixture of TAG obtained through fractional crystallization from refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil (14). Tripalmitin is the TAG with the highest melting temperature in PS (15), and here its concentration was 16.46% w/w ( 0.17%) (9). Our previous research showed that tripalmitin mostly determines the crystallization kinetics of PS and its blends with vegetable oils (i.e.. 

As with conventional emulsions the nature of the oil can affect the behaviour of the system. For pharmaceutical uses, oils used include the refined hydrocarbon oils such as light liquid paraffin and esters of long-chain fatty acids including vegetable oils, for example, ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate, olive oil and sesame oil. Frankenfeld et al (SO used mixtures of Solvent 100 Neutral (an isoparaffinic, dewaxed oil of high viscosity) and Norpar 13 (a non-viscous, normal paraffinic solvent) to vary the viscosity of the oil phase in attempts to control the transfer of solutes across the oil membrane. 

Table 11.5 Effects of various refining steps on antioxidants (mg/kg) of sesame oil...

Sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil unsaponifiables Synonyms Sesame oil unsaponifiables Sesamum indicum Sesamum indicum unsaponifiables Unsaponifiables, sesame oil Unsaponifiables, sesamum indicum Definition Fraction of sesame oil which is not saponified in the refining recovery of sesame oil fatty acids... 

Super Refined Saffiower USP. See Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil Super Refined Sesame NF. See Sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil... 

Orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) oil 8008-63-7 Ox bile extract 8008-74-0 Cropure Sesame EmCon SES Hy-SES Lipovol SES Phytol SES Sesame Oil USP/NF 16 Sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil Super Refined Sesame NF Tri-OI SES Uniderm SSME Vitinc Sesame Oil NF 8008-79-5 EmCon Spearmint Eromenth ... 

Sesame oil is usually obtained by expeller pressing of roasted or unroasted sesame seeds. The oil from roasted seeds does not require extensive refining, the suspended meal... 

Table 8. Changes of antioxidative lignans and total tocopherols in refined unroasted (RUSO) and roasted (RSO) sesame oils during heating at 180° C (adapted from Fukuda et al, 1994)...

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