References Cited in Chapters 1 to

(1989) Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis, Butterworth Publ., Stoneham. 

Stewart, W. E. and Lightfoot, E. N. (1960) Transport Phenomena, Wiley. 

Brodkey, R. S. and Hershey, H. C. (1988) Transport Phenomena, McGraw-Hill. 

(1989) SIMUSOLV, A New Code for Modeling and Optimization, CACHE News, 29, 13-16. Cambridge University Press. 

Carslaw, H. S. and Jaeger, J. C. (1959) Conduction of Heat in Solids, Clarendon Press. 

Blanch, H.W. and Clark, D.S. (1996) Biochemical Engineering, Marcel Dekker. 

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For any industrial reacting system, the relevant parameters appearing in the rate expression (Eq. (5.14)) need to be obtained by carrying out experiments under controlled conditions. It is necessary to ensure that physical processes do not influence the observed rates of chemical reactions. This is especially difficult when chemical reactions are fast. It may sometimes be necessary to employ sophisticated mathematical models to extract the relevant kinetic information from the experimental data. Some references covering the aspects of experimental determination of chemical kinetics are cited in Chapter 1. It must be noted here that in the above development, the intrinsic rate of all chemical reactions is assumed to follow a power law type model. However, in many cases, different types of kinetic model need to be used (for examples of different types of kinetic model, see Levenspiel, 1972 Froment and Bischoff, 1984). It is not possible to represent all the known kinetic forms in a single format. The methods discussed here can be extended to any type of kinetie model. 

In addition to the general reviews of indole ring synthesis cited in Chapter 1, the Fischer indole synthesis per se has been extensively reviewed [6-10]. The excellent documentation (>3000 citations in reference 8) will not be repeated here. Rather in this chapter, I focus on recent applications in drug development, materials discovery, and natural-product synthesis. 

References to the effects of temperature and test rate have been cited in Chapter 1. The work has been done by Mostovoy and Ripling and others.Their findings suggest that adhesive bonds may behave as viscoelastic solids. This implies that test rate and temperature have opposite effects, i.e., increasing temperature or decreasing test rate will increase the measured fracture energy. 

The reader is referred to the report and text by Schnoor (1987, 1996) to citations therein, to texts on river and lake modeling such as those by Chapra and Reckhow (1983), Shanahan and Harleman (1984), and the texts cited in Chapter 1, Table 1.1 for more detailed accounts of models and the relevant parameters. 

The reader should refer to the original tables for the reference material on which the thermochemical data are based. The reference state used in Chapter 1 was chosen as 298 K consequently, the thermochemical values at this temperature are identified from this listing. The logarithm of the equilibrium constant is to the base 10. The unit notation (J/K/mol) is equivalent to (JK mol ). Supplemental thermochemical data for species included in the reaction listing of Appendix C, and not given in Table A2, are listed in Table A3. These data, in combination with those of Table A2, may be used to calculate heats of reaction and reverse reaction rate constants as described in Chapter 2. References for the thermochemical data cited in Table A3 may be found in the respective references for the chemical mechanisms of Appendix C. 

New approaches to the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxathiazole derivatives have been found and the previously unknown derivatives of this heterocycle (1,2,4-oxathiazolines, their A-monooxides and 1,2,4-oxathiazolium structures) have been synthesized. In addition to the chapters in CHEC(1984) and CHEC-II(1996)<1984CFIEC(6)897, 1996CHEC-II(4)453>, only one review covering the whole aspect of l,2-oxa/thia-4-azoles chemistry has been published <2004HOIJ29>, but the majority of references cited in this chapter relate to work dating back to 1995. 

As mentioned earlier, 2H-1 -benzopyrans are often referred to, especially in the older literature, by the common name chromenes. The more proper term 2H-1-benzopyran is used in this chapter even though many of the references cited in this (and earlier) sections have used the chromene terminology. The structure and numbering system for 2H- -benzopyrans is shown in Figure 3.17. 

During the meeting, the panelists commented both on general issues that pertain to the entire toxicological profile and specific issues for particular sections in the profile. Section 2 of this report summarizes the general issues raised by the panelists, and Section 3 summarizes the specific issues. Within Section 3, each subsection reviews the panelists comments on different chapters within the profile (e.g.. Section 3.1 summarizes the comments on Chapter 1 of the profile. Section 3.2 summarizes the comments on Chapter 2, and so on). Section 4 of this report lists all references cited in the text. 

Intramolecular carbenoid C-H insertion has been a useful method for the construction of small to medium rings since the early 1980s, and these transformations can occur with good regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity with appropriate choice of catalyst [6], Taber, Doyle, and Hashimoto have been key players in this area and have also developed a number of chiral catalysts for increasing levels of enantioin-duction. Many studies have been conducted concerning the effects of substrate conformation, sterics, stereoelectronics, and catalyst on the regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity of the C-H insertion events, but these are outside the scope of this chapter. For detailed discussion, refer to the reviews cited in Sect. 1.3. 

Figure 1. Distribution of 45 references cited in this chapter accordii to the photosynthedc material used far the immobilizadon.

Many more lanthanide spectra have lately been analysed, to various degrees of completeness, as can be seen by following the references given in table 1.18. However, the space in this chapter is too limited to discuss them all. Rather, this chapter will now be ended by citing some of the general results and conclusions obtained in the course of the numerous investigations carried out on the lanthanide spectra. 

The purpose of this book is to present recent research findings in the fields of computational structural dynamics and earthquake engineering. The first part (Chapters 1 to 14) is devoted to computational structural dynamics, and the second part (Chapters 15 to 35) deals with computational earthquake engineering. To provide the reader with a good overview of pertinent literature, all cited references and additional references on the topics presented are collected in a comprehensive list of references. 

A reader unfamiliar with any optics should consult a textbook for more information. Jenkins and White [1] is a comprehensive college level text, Martin [2] and Lipson and Lipson [3] are more detailed and technical. Spencer [4] provides an elementary introduction to microscope optics and optical microscopy texts and several references already cited in Chapter 2 (refs 3-11 there) are also useful sources. All of these describe light optics and light microscopy, but TEM texts tend to assume this knowledge and are more advanced. 

The information given in Chapters 1-8 is supported by references from primary literature, reviews, and textbooks of Organic Chemistry, and aims to include the hterature cited in Cheminform up to the year 2011. 

Over the past 200 years many fundamental principles have been discovered that form the basis for the synthesis of coordination compounds. These principles are described fully in many texts dealing with inorganic chemistry and are discussed briefly in Chapter 1. The reader is referred to the cited references for a more complete discussion of the theoretical principles underpinning coordination chemistry. 

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