Red sludge

In the above trial [70] rifaximin was dissolved in chloroform and applied by repeated painting. After the solvent had dried a red sludge persisted over the dental structures allowing a continuous antimicrobial effect. Better delivery systems, such as subgingival controlled release preparations [12], are, however, needed to fully exploit the rifaximin potential in periodontal disease. In this connection, a gum-like device [71] has been developed that allows a controlled and continuous release of the antibiotic within the oral cavity. Large double-blind controlled trials using this and other formulations are now needed to establish the best therapeutic regimen for this indication. 

Fig. 4.14 The area around the town of Ajka after the red sludge disaster. The asterisk denotes the location of dam failure. (Copyright-free Wikipedia picture)...

Alumina is the most important raw material for the production of aluminum, and red mud is a by-product of alumina production. During the operation, 1.5-2 t of red sludge is produced for every ton of alumina. The sole raw material in the process is bauxite, a significant quantity of which occurs in Hungary. To produce... 

D. Herard (2010) The Hungarian Toxic Red Sludge Spill and Determining Public Accountability. http //digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi article=1006 contextr=drr student (last access February 25,2014). 

Fullerols, C6o(OH) (n = 24-26), can be synthesized directly by aerobic oxidation of a benzene solution of Qq using an aqueous solution of NaOH containing a few drops of BimNOH as the most efficient catalyst the deep violet benzene solution rapidly decolorizes and a brown sludge precipitates further reaction with more water over a period of 10 h gives a clear red-brown solution from which the... 

Sludge in the boiler is typically red to brown (hematite) but becomes black with age (coarse magnetite). 

Under the sludge considerable orange-red tuberculation corrosion deposits may develop. In cause-and-effect fashion, the tubercles grow cause fouling, permit under-deposit corrosion to persist, and generally act as a binding agent for carbonates, silicates, and other precipitates. 

Activated sludge Reactive Yellow-107, Reactive Black-5, Reactive Red-198, Direct Blue-71, glucose, sodium pyruvate Klebsiella sp. strain VN-31 [39]... 

Activated sludge of a textile printing wastewater plant Fast Acid Red GR, Reactive Brilliant Blue, yeast extract Shewanella decolorationis sp. nov. [85]... 

Removal of dye Acid Red GR by bioaugmented sludge and changes in microbial community in the reactor [54]... 

Acid Orange 10, Acid Red 14 and 18 Anaerobic digester sludge and aeration tank mixed liquor Decolorization ranging from 65-90% was observed in a two-stage anaerobic-aerobic fixed film fluidized bed activated sludge reactor [175]... 

Acid Red 42, Acid Sludge collected Average removal efficiency for acid [180]... 

Acid Red 88, Activated sludge, Strains AS 81 and AS96 from the [40]... 

Orange II and other azo dyes Biodigester sludge from municipal waste plant augmented with sulfate reducing consortium The dye was decolorized by 95% within 24 h. Several other dyes including Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Red 120 and mixture of dyes were successfully degraded T[185]... 

Reactive brilliant red X-3B Activated sludge Activated sludge generated a heterogeneous biofilm of several bacterial species. Biomass was increased after ozonation. Combination of ozone oxidation and upflow biological aerated filter technique to treat azo dyes [8]... 

Reactive Red 3.1 Activated sludge obtained from domestic and industrial effluent treatment plants Decolorization rates of up to 30 mg L 1 h 1 were observed in case of activated sludge under anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic packed bed reactor [15]... 

Granules from a paper pulp processing plant Red h-e7b UASB and aerobic reactor Continuous Sequential anoxic and aerobic B Sludge granules 150-750 25 7.32... 

Activated sludge from a municipal WW treatment plant Acid red 151 Fixed bed Sequencing batch... 

Anaerobic sludge from a full- scale UASB Acid orange 7 direct red 254 UASB Continuous Methanogenic conditions B Sludge granules 60-1,800 37 n.a. 

Anaerobic sludge from UASB Reactive red 2 Bottle Discrete continuous reactor Anaerobic B Sludge 100, 200 27-29 1.2-1.5... 

Gokfena F, Ozbelge TA (2006) Pre-ozonation of aqueous azo dye (Acid Red-151) followed by activated sludge process. Chem Eng J 123 109-115... 

In order now to remove proteins from the thin sludge it is vigorously stirred with 0-05 A-acetic acid in amount just sufficient to change the colour of methyl red (pH=4) (test with a sample), and is then filtered as above after shaking with a little kieselguhr if necessary. The filtrate is made neutral to litmus with dilute ammonia and in this condition, protected by a little toluene, can be kept unchanged for several days. 

Preparation of Hydrogen Bromide.—Red phosphorus (6 g.) is mixed to a sludge with 15 c.c. of water in a distilling flask (capacity 250 c.c.) having the side tube attached high up on the neck. The flask is connected to a U-tube containing... 

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