Recyclability dismantlability

Since the use of plastics is ever increasing in automotive applications the need for effective plastics recycling will further increase in the future. The pressure on OEMs to recover and recycle their products will be felt throughout the production chain by recyclers, dismantlers, shredders, sub-suppliers, contractors and raw material producers. There is thus a strong motivation for the automotive industry to learn to manage its products and processes in an environmentally-effident way. 

The updated situation of Recycling Thermoset Composites in Japan is diseussed. The dismantling or cutting up of ships, baths, water tanks, and automotive parts are eovered. Recyeling methods include pyrolysis and incineration. Details are also given of uses for recycled materials such as automotive parts, building materials and cement additives. 18 refs. 

Following stripping of hazardous substances, air conditioners and dehumidifiers can be further dismantled either manually or in a shredder. Figure 29.1 shows the flow diagram of management, separation, recycle, and disposal of used refrigeration appliances.4... 

Vehicle batteries may be recycled by trading in an old battery when replacing a battery. Most battery distribution centers, automotive garages, and repair centers have collection points. Batteries are also accepted at some scrap yards, automobile dismantlers, and some retail chain stores. Batteries should be stored in a secure area, locked, or kept away from children and sources of sparks. All old batteries should be recycled. 

Finally, despite the attempt to recycle, much of the dismantled components of the e-waste appliances end up being dumped in open landfills as supported by Sepulveda et al. [22],... 

In previous sections, the most common ways of informal recycling have been introduced. It is known that a computer is not entirely recycled and that it is divided into the most interesting elements before going to the informal recycling processes as reported by Chi et al. [21]. The selection of the interesting elements takes place during the physical dismantling process already introduced in Sect. 3.5. 

As a general trend, the amount of TVs and PCs discarded (obsolete) is normally repaired or manually dismantled (see Fig. 8). Then the repaired part goes to the second-hand market, and it is usually sold to the poor regions whereas the dismantled part can either be reused or not. On the one hand, the reused parts also end up into the second-hand market being sold to the poor regions. On the other hand, the non-reused parts (PCBs, plastics, metals and CRTs) are treated with some informal recycling process and might have effects on the different environmental compartments. 

Some parts such as dashboards are an inextricable combination of various subparts of different materials making it impossible to dismantle. The choice of compatible materials is advised to allow recycling. For example, a part can be made out of several olefin subparts ... 

End-of-life products this case is more difficult to treat. It is necessary to collect the products, dismantle (if necessary) or shred them before recycling. These pretreatments are expensive. These wastes have been subjected to ageing and corrosion for several years and are often polluted. 

In the most unfavourable case, the cost of recycling is a combination of the operations of collecting, dismantling, sorting, treatment and recycling. 

Sweden 12 121.2 (mean) TBEP, TCEP, TCiPP Electronics recycling plant, dismantling hall, 8 OPERs Sjodin et al. [78]... 

By way of alternative to UBS plastisols, an underbody hard shell not only reduces the release of plasticisers during the usage phase. Due to reduced weight and reduced air resistance (CW value) fuel consumption of vehicles is also reduced, which has a positive effect as part of a life-cycle assessment. After dismantling the plastic part can be recycled separately. 

Figure 4.2. (A) Workers are dismantling electric appliances in Taizhou. In 1980s, dismantling the scrap transformers containing PCBs as dielectric fluids has severely polluted the environment. (B) Open backyard burning of wires and other parts to recycle copper or other metals is very typical although it is illegal. The activity has been considered the major source of PCDD/Fs in the region in recent years.

To overcome these problems, the plant was modified in late 1976 to increase residence time in the reactor and to recycle some of the ash-containing bottoms. These modifications resulted in greatly enhanced distillate production and changed the objective of the process from producing a solid fuel (SCR-I) to producing a liquid product (SCR-II). The plant was shut down in 1981 and later dismantled. 

Waste from the automotive industry, particularly from end-of-life-vehicles (ELV), has been identified by the E.U. as another priority waste stream. After dismantling larger parts suitable for mechanical recycling, the vehicle is shredded, the metal fraction (about 75%) is removed, and the remaining residue is known as automotive shredder residue (ASR),... 

Difficulty in dismantling high-strength adhesive bonds, thus limiting recycling potential... 

The concept of recycling is most readily implemented if different structural components can be made out of the same material (Al, plastics), i.e., in one-material systems. Recently, polyolefins have appeared to fit the bill particularly well in this respect, i.e., the many potential forms of polyolefins have made possible adaptations for a wide variety of structural requirements. As an adjunct to these developments, polyolefin melt adhesives have been developed for bonding polyolefin parts to one another. Where this is feasible, total dismantling is no longer necessary and the parts can be reprocessed without any essential loss of properties. 

DESTROYING AND RECYCLING MATERIALS RESULTING FROM DISMANTLING NUCLEAR WEAPONS... 

Size Reduction The dismantlement of nuclear weapons results in many thousands of pounds of plastic bonded explosive (PBX) waste in an assortment of hemisphere sizes and odd pieces. The PBX types of interest are PBX-9404, PBX-9501, LX-10, and LX-04. Size reduction is important in the subsequent destruction or recycling of this PBX waste. 

Recycling of plastics could be a source of MCCPs and LCCPs depending on the extent of dust control at the facility. Yuan et al. [17] found relatively high levels of SCCPs in soils (2.9 pg/g) from an electronic-waste dismantling area in China. 

Many recyclable materials consist of mixed materials that pose special problems. Discarded automobile oil filters contain steel, fiber, and contaminated petroleum. Oil filters are crushed and heated to remove oil, and the metal reclaimed. Discarded household appliances contain large amoxmts of steel but must often be dismantled, with other materials removed. A special fee is charged at recycling centers to discard most appliances. Fluorescent lamps contain small amounts of mercury that can be reclaimed. Used computers and television sets contain usable materials and, often, some toxic materials that can be collected for safe disposal. 

Plants were developed in the 70 s in Europe (2 in France and 2 in Germany), Asia, including Japan and Taiwan, and the USA. These were created either at the request of recycling companies specialising in the dismantling of industrial batteries, or at the request of the producers, mainly for the purpose of treating the waste produced by the manufacture of sealed units. However, the fact is that these projects were bom, developed and then often disappeared as a result of fluctuations in the price of cadmium. 

The other major Japanese recycling plant, JAPAN RECYCLE CENTER, dismantles or crushes industrial and consumer NiCd batteries which have been separated from... 

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