Recording observations

Accurate and permanent records of observed behavior are essential for a job safety analysis, an injury investigation, and a successful DO IT process. Most existing records are in the form 

Careful observation of response frequency, for example, helps answer several important questions. 

At work, interval recording is often the most practical approach to observing and recording critical behaviors. A checklist of critical behaviors is used and the observer merely watches an individual work for a set period of time and checks off safe or at-risk for each behavior on the list. The number of safe and at-risk checkmarks can be totaled and used to calculate the percentage of safe behaviors recorded in a particular interval. This is the approach recommended by Krause et al. (1996) and McSween (1995). 

Several methods are available for objectively observing and recording safe vs. at-risk behaviors in real-world settings. Different situations call for different procedures. I give a number of examples throughout this and subsequent chapters and hope at least one of these methods will relate directly to the situation in which you want to apply the DO IT process. 

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The first recorded observation of cavitation was made in 1754 by Euler. However, serious research into the character and mechanism of cavitation did not begin until 1919. Research since that time has established a reasonably sound basis for describing and explaining the phenomenon. 

Provide forms for recording observations, recommendations, and corrective actions. 

In addition to recording quantitative information, assessors can use these forms to record observations and opinions for future use. It s important, however, to make sure that the interviewer s opinion can be clearly distinguished from an interviewee s response use brackets, asterisks, or other symbols to set opinions apart. 

Discussions and interviews with the task experts can be supplemented with observations of their actual performance, for example, taking notes on certain aspects of the task or taking video or audio recordings. Observational techniques can reveal information that may be difficult to acquire in any other way. Detailed physical task performance data can be recorded, and major environmental influences (e.g., noise, light, interruptions) can all be faithfully represented. Observations can also provide an insight into the way that the team members communicate, allocate job responsibilities, and make use of operating procedures and other resources. 

It is important to make a list of every task that will be performed in the laboratory, down to the smallest detail. Operations such as pH measurements, transfer of flammables from safety storage to shelf bottles, or recording observations must not be overlooked. Even in a small laboratory, the number of individual tasks will be quite substantial. 

Lost Righting Reflex Animal Code for Recording Observations... 

Modem toxicology has its roots in the occupational environment. The earliest recorded observations relating exposure to chemical substances and toxic manifestations were made about workers. These include Agricola s identification of the diseases of miners and Pott s investigation of scrotal cancer incidence among chimney sweeps. Occupational toxicology, as its name implies, concerns itself with the toxicological implications of exposure to chemicals in the work environment. 

Make and record observations of the wire and the solution every five minutes for 20 minutes. 

Compare your recorded observations with those of several other lab... 

Because of the diverse types of recorded observations which are pertinent to the subject and the fact that many of the observations have been made by those who have had little or no interest in individuality as such, it has not been possible to collect the material for this book in a highly systematic manner. If, for example, one looks up the word "variability" in various indices, virtually nothing is found. Because of the diverse nature of the data it has not been... 

One of the earlier recorded observations indicating that people s taste reactions for a particular chemical substance may not by any means be uniform was made with respect to creatine, which was found to be quite tasteless to some individuals but bitter and biting to others.34 About the same time it was found that individuals vary in their ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and related compounds.35 To most it is either violently bitter or completely tasteless. A small minority however, assign to it various other tastes.36,37,38... 

Closed circuit monitor allows nurse to record observations without being in the padded room... 

That s great, I said. Can you modify one of your trailers for us We need two padded cubicles and a place for staff to keep medications and record observations of the men we test. They re not the sort of drugs you have been dealing with. Men can get temporarily delirious on some of them, and need a special environment to prevent injuries. ... 

SOPs can be both general and specific. Examples of general laboratory operations include how to characterize an analytical standard, how to record observations and data, and how to label reagents and solutions. Most laboratory operations even have an SOP for writing and updating SOPs. Examples of specific laboratory operations include the preparation and analysis of a specific company s product or raw material, the operation and calibration of specific instruments, and the preparation of specific samples for analysis. Often, SOPs are based on published methods, such as those found in scientific journals, in application notes, and procedures published by instrument manufacturers, or in books of standard methods, such as those published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The published... 

Probably the first scientifically recorded observation of a completely inorganic coordination compound is the formation of the familiar tetraamminecopper(II) ion, [Cu(NH3)4]2+. The 16th century German physician and alchemist Andreas Libavius (15407—1616) noticed that aqua calcis (limewater or saturated calcium hydroxide solution) containing sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) became blue in contact with brass (an alloy of copper and zinc).8... 

I he first recorded observation of cool flames was made by Davy (15), Perkin (33) further explored the phenomenon, developing what might be described as a lecture demonstration technique and noting that aldehydes and acids were produced. Leighton (21), at the suggestion of W. D. Bancroft, reinvestigated and confirmed Perkin s observations. 

Observe the appearance of all three solutions, recording observations. Add a small crystal of sodium acetate to each test tube, observe, and record observations. 

Observe the appearance of each solution and record observations. 

Place a small sample of each of the following metals into test tubes and add enough distilled water to cover each sample copper, tin, lead, aluminum, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and iron. Let the test tubes stand over night. Record observations the next day. 

Examine the appearance of the copper plating and record observations. 

The signs of toxicity produced by the test chemical should be recorded. Observations should include the time of onset, degree, and duration of toxic signs and symptoms. Cage-side observations should include, but not be limited to, changes in skin and fur, eyes and mucous membranes, and respiratory, circulatory, autonomic, CNS, and somatomotor activity. 

Forty minutes after administration of the conservative first dose, less than fifty words along in his efforts to record observations, came a far more powerful reaction the first intentional human experience of LSD. Hofmann was unable to continue his description in the lab notebook as "die last words could only be written with great difficulty ... 

Your teacher will carry out steps 1 to 4 in the fumehood before class. Concentrated nitric acid is required, and the N02(g) produced is poisonous. Furthermore, this reaction is quite slow. Your teacher will perform a brief demonstration of this reaction so that you may record observations. 

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