Recommended maximum contaminant

PSES = Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources PSNS = Pretreatment Standards for New Sources RfC = Reference Concentration RfD = Reference Dose RMCL = Recommended Maximum Contaminant Level RQ = Reportable Quantity TLV = Threshold Limit Value TWA = Time-Weighted Average WHO =... 

Case Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals. The USEPA recently published recommended maximum contaminant levels (RMCLs) for eight volatile synthetic organic chemicals (43). Seven of these were treated as potential carcinogens in this proposal. Under the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the first step in the regulatory process for... 

Similar criteria documents are also prepared under the Safe Drinking Water Act. These documents specify recommended maximum contaminant levels (RMCLs) as nonenforceable health goals for chronic exposure and 1-day and 10-day health advisory levels. Maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), the enforceable standards, are set as close to the RMCL as is feasible considering the best available technology or treatment techniques and costs (12). 

It is under the SDWA that standards have been set for 22 substances in drinking water whether the source is surface or underground. These standards are referred to as Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and include the six pesticides referred to earlier in this paper. Regulations also provide for the establishment of Recommended Maximum Contaminant Levels (RMCLs). RMCLs are... 

Specific recommendations on contaminants (e.g., maximum levels of lead, cadmium or mercury) in foodstuffs are summarized in the European Union Regulations.9 The specifications concerning trace elements in foods and food additives are As < 3mgkg 1, Pb < lOmgkg-1, and Hg and Cd < lmgkg-1. 

Satisfactory uperatiun of the once-through boiler and associated turbine requires that the total solids in the feedwater be less than 0.05 ppm. Table 3 lists recommended maximum limits for feedwater contaminants and typical values obtained during operation. 

Maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) Unenforceable levels recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for drinking water contaminants that only take into account the risks of human health effects. The MCLG for arsenic is OpgL-1 (Appendix E 40 Code of Federal Regulations 141.51). 

EPA requires industry to report spills of more than 5,000 pounds of aluminum sulfate. Special regulations are set for aluminum phosphide because it is a pesticide. EPA has recommended a Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) of 0.05 to 0.2 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for aluminum in drinking water. The SMCL is not a based on levels that will affect humans or animals. It can be based on taste, smell, or color. OSHA says that the amount of aluminum dusts that workers breathe should be not more than 15 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) of air. FDA has determined that aluminum cooking utensils, aluminum foil, antiperspirants, antacids, and other aluminum products are generally safe. To learn more, see Chapter 7. 

IRIS = Integrated Risk Information System MCL = maximum contaminant level MCLG = maximum contaminant level goal NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health OEL = occupational exposure level OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration PEL = permissible exposure limit PQL = practical quantitation limits RCRA= Resource Conservation and Recovery Act REL = recommended exposure limit ... 

The widespread application of herbicides in agriculture has resulted in many polluted surface waters. As a result, numerous pesticides/herbicides have been treated in bench-scale laboratory studies with 03/UV/H202 processes during the last 10 years (see Table 10). Among them, many studies focused on the treatment of atrazine and other. v-triazine herbicides (simazine, prop-azine, etc.). Atrazine is a priority pollutant that similar to other individual pesticides has a very low maximum contaminant level (MCL) (0.1 pg L 1 for the European Environmental Commission according to Directive 80/778/ EEC). In some countries atrazine cannot be used but it is still found in many surface waters. In France, for example, atrazine was banned on September 28, 2001. From applied technologies, only carbon adsorption [180] and possibly advanced oxidations can be recommended to remove some of these... 

FAO and WHO, List of maximum levels recommended for contaminants by the joint FAOf WHO Codex Mimentarius Commission. 14 pp., Roma (1974). 

Arsenic contents measured in sediments are between 0.1 and 490 mg/kg while levels up to 1.5 g/kg were found in coals (average 13 mg/kg). The concentration of arsenic in seawater varies between 0.09 and 24 pg/L (average 1.5 pg/L), and in Ireshwater between 0.15 and 0.45 pg/L (maximum 1 mg/L). In mineral and thermal waters, arsenic was found in concentrations up to a factor of 300 higher than its mean concentration in groundwater [100]. The WHO recommends a maximum contaminant level for arsenic in drinking water 10 pg/L. 

JECEA is an independent expert committee established (and jointly administered) by the FAO and the WHO in 1956 to evaluate the safety of food additives. Uie work has since expanded to include the evaluation of the safety of contaminants, naturally occurring toxicants and residues of veterinary drugs in food. JECFA serves as the risk assessor for the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (CCRVDF), establishing an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for a veterinary drug when sufficient information is available, recommending maximum residue limits (MRLs) for consideration by... 

Selected Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels in Potable Water Determined by tbe USEPA, tbe Equivalent Limits and Recommended Guideline Values Set by the EU Directive (98/83/EC), and the WHO... 

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