Reactor electric power

Manufacture of tetraethyl lead and sodium hydride titanium production catalyst for synthetic rubber laboratory reagent coolant in nuclear reactors electric power cables non-glare lighting for roads solar-powered electric generators water treatment 3511,3529,355, 362, 372, 38, 4... 

Use Tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead, titanium reduction, sodium peroxide, sodium hydride, polymerization catalyst for synthetic rubber, lab reagent, coolant in nuclear reactors, electric power cable (encased in polyethylene), nonglare lighting for highways, radioactive forms in tracer studies and medicine, heat transfer agent in solar-powered electric generators. 

The fusion reactor will be operated at a constant output power level adjusted to optimize the performance of the reactor. Electric power will be generated from the output of the fusion reactor. Depending on the local needs, waste heat will be used to produce potable water. When practical, electric power will be transmitted to local users. Most of the electric power will be used for the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. 

G. A. Carlson, K. R. Schultz, A. C. Smith, Jr., "Definition and Conceptual Design of a Small Fusion Reactor," Electric Power Research Institute Report ER-1045 (1979). 

Reactor," Electric Power Research Institute Report AP-1544 (1980). 

U. S. Department of Energy, Letter, Frank R. McCoy III, SRSPO to John Gallagher, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, "Independent Safety Assessment of Savannah River Production Reactor Electric Power Systems," dated June 4, 1990. 

Carbon dioxide is used in the manufacture of sodium carbonate by the ammonia-soda process, urea, salicyclic acid (for aspirin), fire extinguishers and aerated water. Lesser amounts are used to transfer heat generated by an atomic reactor to water and so produce steam and electric power, whilst solid carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and alcohol providing a good low-temperature bath (195 K) in which reactions can be carried out in the laboratory. 

The uses of nuclear fuels to generate electrical power, to make isotopes for peaceful purposes, and to make explosives are well known. The estimated world-wide capacity of the 429 nuclear power reactors in operation in January 1990 amounted to about 311,000 megawatts. 

In the early years of reactor development, electricity from nuclear sources was expected to be much cheaper than that from other sources. Whereas nuclear fuel cost is low, the operating and maintenance costs of a nuclear faciHty are high. Thus on average, electric power from coal and nuclear costs about the same. 

Herein reactors are described in their most prominent appHcation, that of electric power. Eive distinctly different reactors, ie, pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, heavy water reactors, graphite reactors, and fast breeder reactors, are emphasized. A variety of other appHcations and types of reactors also exist. Whereas space does not permit identification of all of the reactors that have been built over the years, each contributed experience of processes and knowledge about the performance of materials, components, and systems. 

Package Power Reactors. Several small, compact power reactor plants were developed dufing the period 1957—1962 by the U.S. Army for use ia remote locations. Designed by Alco Products, Inc., the PWRs produced electrical power of about 1 MW along with space heat for military bases. 

Space Reactors. Two quite different appHcations of reactors ia space have been studied one for electrical power of a spacecraft mission, and the other for propulsion of spacecraft. Both appHcations are for long missions where solar power is iaadequate or chemical propulsion is impractical (72,73). 

The Westinghouse Pressuricyed Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Water Reactor Divisions, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1984. 

J. Santucci and J. J. Taylor, Safety, Technical and Economic Objectives of the Electric Power Institute s didvancedTight-Water Reactor Programme, lAEA-SM-332/11.1, Proceedings of International Symposium on Advanced Nuclear Power Systems, Seoul, Korea, Oct. 1993. 

Many units have waste heat recovery systems that generate low pressure steam from reaction heat. Such steam is often employed to drive adsorption refrigeration units to cool the reactor feed stream and to increase polymer conversion per pass, an energy-saving process that reduces the demand for electrical power. 

Cost and Value of Plutonium. The cost of building all U.S. nuclear weapons has been estimated as 378 biUion in 1995 dollars (24). If half of this sum is attributed to U.S. weapons-grade plutonium production (- lOOt), the cost is 1.9 x 10 /kg of weapons-grade Pu. Some nuclear weapons materials (Be, enriched U, Pu) also have value as a clandestine or terrorist commodity. The economic value of reactor-grade plutonium as a fuel for electric power-producing reactors has depended in the past on the economic value of pure 235u... 

Guide for Held testing of electric power apparatus insulation. Part I - oil filled reactors... 

Electrical power Reactor physics Reactor systems Accident phenomenology... 

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