Titanium production

J. L. Henry and co-workers. Bureau of Mines Development of Titanium Production Technology, Bulletin 690, Washington, D.C., 1984. 

Fletcher A new process proposed for making titanium dioxide pigment from ilmenite, based on its dissolution in hydrochloric acid. Developed by Fletcher Titanium Products, a subsidiary of Fletcher Challenge, a large paper company in New Zealand, based on original... 

Ukraine, titanium production in, 24 847 UL 94 flame testing, 19 588 UL94 flammability test, 10 175-176 Ulexite (boronatrocalcite cottonball), 4 133t, 241, 243t, 245, 5 785t Ullmann condensation reaction, 9 309, 310, 444... 

Titanium metal also can be produced by electrolytic methods. In electrolysis, fused mixtures of titanium tetrachloride or lower chlorides with alkaline earth metal chlorides are electrolyzed to produce metal. Also, pure titanium can be prepared from electrolysis of titanium dioxide in a fused bath of calcium-, magnesium- or alkali metal fluorides. Other alkali or alkaline metal salts can be substituted for halides in these fused baths. Other titanium com-pouds that have been employed successfully in electrolytic titanium production include sodium fluotitanate and potassium fluotitanate. 

A decade later, a group of new metals and metal alloys became available for the construction of artificial knees, hips, and other joints. These included stainless steel, cohalt, and titanium products. Since that time, these materials have been the most popular materials from which joint replacements, as well as supporting structures for the immobilization of fractures, have been made. 

Manufacture of tetraethyl lead and sodium hydride titanium production catalyst for synthetic rubber laboratory reagent coolant in nuclear reactors electric power cables non-glare lighting for roads solar-powered electric generators water treatment 3511,3529,355, 362, 372, 38, 4... 

Use Neutron shielding, garnets in microwave filters, phosphor activator, catalyst, scavenger for oxygen in titanium production. 

Notice that each value of AG° refers to one mole of 02 or Cl2 as appropriate. Notice also that were it not for the reducing effect of the carbon, the reaction would not be possible. (There are several metal oxides, for example those of copper, iron and zinc, which may be chlorinated by chlorine alone.) The TiCl4 is a volatile, essentially covalent liquid with a boiling point of 136°C, which must be of high purity if a high quality titanium product is to be obtained. 

Gray, J. J. and Carter A. Chemistry and Metallurgy of Titanium Production, Royal Institute of Chemistry, Lectures, Monographs, and Reports, 1 (1958). 

The important forms of titanium are its dioxide, the tetrachloride compounds, and the metal. The metal and its alloys are used in applications such as the space industry, tubings and surgical implants or prostheses, where strength, lightness and resistance to corrosion are desirable. Titanium additions to chromium-nickel steel are transformed during production into titanium carbide inclusions with increased strength. Titanium tetrachloride is an intermediate in titanium production, and is used by the military for generating smokescreens. 

About 650000 tons of zirconium sand are produced annually. More important sources of zirconium today are the remainders from titanium production (Smith and Carson 1978), though hafnium must be separated from this mixture. Metallic zirconium can... 

Figure 7-68. Titanium production by direct decomposition of its tetrachloride (TiCU) in atmospherie-pressure thermal plasma. Composition of produets (1) TiCU (2) TiClj (3) Ti (4) Cl X 0.1 (5)Ti+.

Titanium is produced commercially by converting titanium oxide ore to titanium tetrachloride, then reducing it to produce a crude titanium product, //-tanium sponge. Titanium sponge can react with carbon dioxide to generate oxygen. 

The pooled library of salicylaldimine-titanium products was combined with MAO and 150 ml toluene in a pressure vessel, and screened at 20 °G under 2.7 atm of propylene for 6h. Although 90% of the polymers produced were determined to be atactic through extraction experiments with diethylether, the remaining 10% of the polymers produced were found to contain insoluble syndiotactic polypropylene. Small subsets of the complex libraries were then resynthesized and screened in order to ascertain the particular metal-ligand combination responsible for the stereocontrol. The authors concluded the study by identifying and isolating a new syndiospecific propylene polymerization catalyst 2. 

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