Textiles Rayon and Synthetic

Rayon and Synthetic Textiles, Rayon Publishing Corp., 303 Fifth Ave., New York 16, N. Y. (1, 2,... 

The textile industry is characterized by a host of journals that are marginal in the sense that they contain a little bit of everything. For example, Modern Textiles Magazine (46) y formerly known as Rayon and Synthetic Textiles usually contains some articles on fairly fundamental research in man-made fibers or textiles. Besides this, the journal contains at various times articles for mill operating personnel, articles on dyeing, production and consumption statistics, articles on new equipment, yarn prices, and similar material that could be of interest to almost anyone in the industry. 

Monthly, 1936 to 1948 Rayon and Synthetic Textiles until September 1952). 

Rayon and Synthetic Textiles, monthly, 1925-. Contains data on American and foreign patents... 

E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Nylon Division, Rayon and Synthetic Textiles, 30, 66-7... 

Ros e, H. W., Rayon and Synthetic Fiber Industry of Japan, New York, Textile Research... 

The hydrophilic properties of cellulose confer moisture absorption capacity to fabrics made from blends of rayon and synthetics. This property of moisture absorption is one of the reasons why rayon is used extensively in nonwoven, disposable applications, as the cross-sectional swelling of regular rayon is about three times that for cotton. The main disadvantage of regular rayon in textiles is its low wet-modulus in the wet state, fabrics made from rayon will be weak and easy to stretch and deform. 

Asahi Chemical Industries (ACl, Japan) are now the leading producers of cuprammonium rayon. In 1990 they made 28,000 t/yr of filament and spunbond nonwoven from cotton ceUulose (65). Their continuing success with a process which has suffered intense competition from the cheaper viscose and synthetic fibers owes much to their developments of high speed spinning technology and of efficient copper recovery systems. Bemberg SpA in Italy, the only other producer of cuprammonium textile fibers, was making about 2000 t of filament yam in 1990. 

Reduce the imports of synthetic fiber, synthetic thread, rayon thread, and other textile goods, the total import value of which exceeded 300 Million in 1979. 

CHARDONNET, H. (1839-1924). A native of France, he has been called the lather of rayon because of his successful research in producing what was then called artificial silk from nitrocellulose. He was able in extrude fine threads of this semi-synthetic material through a spinnetetle-like nozzle, and Ihe textile product was made on a commercial scale in several European countries. He was awarded Ihe Perkin medal for his work... 

The term also is used in astronomy in connection with prominences. In the textile field, particularly in connection with synthetic fibers, individual strands of extruded nylon, rayon, and so on are often referred to as filaments. Often, many filaments arc twisted together to form yam. 

Exploratory investigations (Freeman et al., 1991, 1993) of the use of more highly ordered polymeric precursors have shown that there remains considerable scope for the development of novel activated chars from synthetic textile fibres. For example, carbon dioxide breakthrough measurements revealed that activated carbons prepared from Kevlar interacted much more strongly with C02 than rayon-based chars. Thus, the latter showed very little ability to separate air and C02, in marked contrast to the Kevlar-derived materials. 

KAURIT M90 is used for the antishrink and easy-care finishing of cotton fabrics and spun rayons, for permanent fixation of calender effects, for the fixation of reactive filling and stiff finishes and for the stiff finishing of synthetic textiles, e.g., collar interlinings, petticoat fabrics, and lace. The product is often used in combination with other KAURIT or PIXAPRET types. 

The world textile industry is one of the largest consumers of dyestuffs. An understanding of the chemistry of textile fibers is necessary to select an appropriate dye from each of the several dye classes so that the textile product requirements for proper shade, fastness, and economics are achieved. The properties of some of the more commercially important natural and synthetic fibers are briefly discussed in this section. The natural fibers may be from plant sources (such as cotton and flax), animal sources (such as wool and silk), or chemically modified natural materials (such as rayon and acetate fibers). The synthetic fibers include nylon, polyester, acrylics, polyolefins, and spindex. The various types of fiber along with the type of dye needed are summarized in Table 8.2. 

Casabond TX [Swan]. TM for a textile bonding agent. Bonds nylon, rayon, cotton, and te-rylene to natural and synthetic rubber. Also for rubber and metal bonding, PVC bonding and plasticized variety of synthetic textiles. 

Textile Organon, Textile Economics Bureau, 10 East 40th St., New York, monthly with annual review issue, 1930-. Production, consumption, foreign trade, and prices of natural and synthetic fibers and textiles. Formerly Rayon Organon (1930-1951). 

Synthetic Rayon and Textile Export Promotion Council (India) (2011) Global fibre production. SRTEPC Newsletter, 26 (2), 10. 

Various synthetic fibers appear in clothing, upholstery, and industrial uses. They are better known by commercial names, that hide their source and composition. Quite often a blend of natural and synthetic fibers is offered. The first man-made fibers (that still are of major use) are essentially based on a modification of natural cellulose. Most common in use are rayon (viscose) and cellulose-acetate (called acetate). The oldest synthetic polymer in the textile industry is the polyamide (Nylon 6-6) developed in 1935. Currently there are many synthetic fibers, like the following ... 

Two important N-substituted amides are dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide. Dimethylformamide is used in the fabrieation of synthetic textiles such as rayon. Its hepatotoxicity has been well demonstrated in oeeupational settings. Evidence of dose... 

Textile fibers (cotton, silk, wool, hair, rayon, nylon, polyester, aramid, etc.) Structural materials (lumber, composites, poly(oxymethylene), PVC, nylon, etc.) Rastios (polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxide, etc.) Adhesives (glues, epoxies, polyvinyl alcohol, synthetic rubber, segmented polyurethanes, etc.) Biological materials (the basic molecules, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA)... 

The natural polymers mentioned above are synthesized and grown into fibers by nature. Cotton, wool and silk are some examples. Wood is produced similarly, but not being in a form suitable for use as a textile fiber, it must be chemically modified to produce an appropriate solution, which can then be extruded into a fiber. Rayon and cellulose acetate are examples of this pro-cess.1 Synthetic materials, on the other hand, must be first polymerized into chains, by finking small molecules together end to end, and then extruded into fibers. Chains are built by either a condensation or an addition process. Nylon and polyester are examples of polymers synthesized by condensation, whereas polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon ) are some examples of polymers prepared by the addition process. 

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