Radio-Frequency Identification

The development in integrated radio-frequency identification (RFID)-enabled wireless sensor network infrastructures using UHF and microwave frequencies has been discussed (2). Inkjet printed technology on flexible paper substrates and the integration of sensors, wireless modules, discrete components and power sources have been proposed as a solution for low-cost, lightweight, and environmental-friendly methods for RFID-enabled sensors and wireless sensor nodes. 

Examples demonstrating the usability of such a method are an UHF RFID-enabled temperature sensor and a Zigbee wireless module for location finding and sensing applications. ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols which is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard (3). 

RFID is the wireless noncontact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer electronic data. The performance and the feasibility of inkjet printed dipole RFID tag antennas have been experimentally studied (4). 

In order to estimate the quality of performance, the results are compared to those that have been obtained by traditionally etched 

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Kymissis et al. have examined the possibility of generation of electrical power parasitically from devices built in a shoe, a wearable subsystem for the soldier. Merits of three different types of piezoelectric devices are compared. They are a unimorph strip piezoceramic composite, a stave of multilayer laminate of PVDF foil, and a shoe-mounted rotary magnetic generator as a part of technology demonstration a piezoelectric embedded shoe has also been postulated to periodically broadcast a digital radio frequency identification (RFID) signal as the wearer walks. 

It can be expected that, in the future, other organic electronic devices and circuits, such as sensors [72], radio-frequency identification tags (RFIDs) [73], and ring oscillators [74] may be fabricated using dissipative structures. 

S. D. (2003) Pentacene-based radio-frequency identification circuitry. Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 3964—3966. 

UV curable flexo ink for RFID antennas Radio frequency identification (RFID) devices and contactless smart cards are capable of uniquely identifying an individual or object when they are interrogated by an external radio frequency signal. Recently, a process of printing with the use of UV curable conductive flexo inks has been introduced. The inks are based on polyfunctional acrylates with silver flakes added for the electrical conductivity. The advantages of these inks are ... 

Ranky, P. G., Focus on RFID (radio frequency identification) methods, technologies and education, presented as part of the NCME Mission (National Center for Manufacturing Education), sponsored by NSF (National Science Foundation, USA) and industry, Jan. 2006. 

Knights, P. F., Henderson, E., and Daneshmend, L. K. (2004), Drawpoint control using radio frequency identification systems, CIM Bull., 89(1003), 53-58. 

Ranky, P. G. (2006), Introduction to RFID—Radio frequency identification methods and solutions, Assembly Automation, 26(1), 28-33. 

Ranky, P. G. (2005), An introduction to RFID, radio frequency identification methods and applications, DVD video, available www.cimwareukandusa.com (approximately 30 min). 

Sangoi, R., Smith, C. G., et al. (2004), Printing radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas using inks containing silver dispersions, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 25(4), 513-521. 

Another major technology area that can utflize conductive IJ ink is the display market. Inkjet can be applied for both flexible and rigid displays such as electroluminescent and electrophoretic displays (including e-paper), hquid crystal displays (LCD), plasma display panels (PDP) and touch screens some functionalities have already been printed by IJ technology in certain display apphcations, for example RGB color filters. Conductive IJ is also appropriate for use in thin film transistors (TFT), disposable batteries, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, and a range of chemical and electronic sensors. 

Small amounts of silver are used in a variety of other products. For example, it is used in dental amalgams. An amalgam is an alloy in which mercury is one of the metals used. Silver amalgams work well for filling decayed teeth. They are non-toxic and do not break down or react with other materials very readily. Silver is also used in specialized batteries, cell phone covers, circuit boards, and Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFIDs). 

An example of these 2D bar codes scanned from a flatbed scanner can be seen in Figure 18.2. Reliable and cost-efficient radio-frequency identification devices (RFID) are used in highly industrialized processes and have potential application in pharmaceutical laboratories [15],... 

A third important application for printed electronics is the Radio Frequency Identification tag, or RFID-tag in short. This tag, the follow-up of the barcode, is a transponder, consisting of a small chip and an antenna. The antenna is... 

Baude, RE, Ender, D.A., Haase, M.A., Kelley, T.W., Muyres, D.V. and Theiss, S.D., Pentacene-based radio-frequency identification circuitry, Appl. Phys. Lett, 82, 3964-3966, 2003. 

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