Radiation chemistry technological applications

The applications of radiation chemistry/technology in the food-packaging segment of the flexible packaging market have been limited due to the following concerns from the converters ... 

Development of new applications of radiation modifications of the properties of polymers in high technology industries such as electronics and the exposure of polymer materials to radiation environments as diverse as medical sterilization and the Van Allen belts of space have resulted in a renewed interest in fundamental radiation chemistry of polymers. 

The U.S. - Australia Symposium on Radiation Effects on Polymeric Materials contained research presentations on fundamental radiation chemistry and physics as well as on technological applications of polymer irradiation. This paper represents a hybrid contribution of these two areas, examining a field of extensive technological importance. Spin casting of radiation sensitive polymer resists for microelectronic fabrication was studied using photophysical techniques that are sensitive to the fundamental radiation response in the ultraviolet range. 

Polymer radiation chemistry is a key element of the electronics industry, in that polymer materials that undergo radiation induced changes in solubility are used to define the individual elements of integrated circuits. As the demands placed on these materials increases due to increased density, complexity and miniaturization of devices, new materials and chemistry will be required. This necessitates continued efforts to understand fundamental polymer radiation chemical processes, and continued development of new radiation sensitive materials that are applicable to VLSI Technology. 

The chemistry of heterogeneous systems is far from restricted to nuclear technological applications. In heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion science, surface polymerization, biochemistry and many industrial applications such as liquid-liquid extraction, interfacial processes are of vital importance. In nuclear technological applications, the presence of ionizing radiation increases the complexity further. 

Application of Radiation Chemistry to Nuclear Technology Yosuke Katsumura... 

Koprda, V. 2005. Radiation chemistry and its application to radiation technology. NATO Science Series, Series I Life and Behavioural Sciences, 365(Radiation Inactivation of Bioterrorism Agents) 51-58. 

A short description of possible nuclear applications of boron-based materials had been done by Potapov (1961) in an old overview that included the nuclear power industry (e.g., control rods of nuclear reactors) solid-state electronics (e.g., counters of neutrons and neutron energy sensors) radiation chemistry (e.g., acceleration of technological processes) etc. For these purposes, "B nuclei are useless, but °B nuclei are useful due to a large cross section of interaction with thermal neutrons, °B converts them into heavy ionizing particles. Besides, °B isotope is applicable for neutron radiation protection (Stantso 1983) and also in medicine, e.g., in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for treating cancer tumors (Desson 2007). 

Katsumura Y (2004) Application of radiation chemistry to nuclear technology. In Mozumder A, Hatano Y (eds) Charged particle and photon interactions with matter chemical, physicochemical and biological consequences with applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 697-727... 

The third link between lasers and chemistry is the initiation and control of chemical change in a given system. The initiation of chemical processes by laser radiation has become a powerful area, not only in modern photochemistry, but also for technological applications. An example within this category is the multiphoton dissociation of SFg (sulphur hexafluoride) by IR laser radiation this provides a means by which the two isotopomers and " SFe can be separated. 

Carswell Pomerantz T, Dong LM, HUl DJT, Odonnell JH, Pomery PJ. Mechanistic studies on the radiation chemistry of poly(hydroxybutyrate). In Clough RL, Shalaby SW, editors. Irradiation of Polymers Fundamentals and Technological Applications. Washington American Chemical Society 1996. p 11-27. 

Martens JM, Clemens LM, Zigman AR (1980) Acrylic-type pressure sensitive adhesives by means of radiation curing. US Patent 4,181,752 Paul CW (2002) Hot melt adhesives. In Chaudhury M, Pocius AV (eds) Surfeces, chemistry and applications adhesion science and engineering. Elsevier Science B.V, The Netherlands, pp 711—757 Pocius AV (2002) Adhesion and adhesives technology, 2nd edn. Hanser, Munich, p 151 Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (2007) Test methods for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, 15th edn. 

A. Hummel, Radiation Chemistry. The Chemical Effects of loniznig Radiation and their Applications, Delft, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft institute of Technology, 1995. 

---