QuEChERS quick, easy, cheap, effective

QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) is an acronym used as the name of a sample preparation procedure, generally based on a combination of solvent extraction of analytes from a sample and dispersive SPE applied for cleaning an extractant. 

The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) method allows the extraction of a wide variety of pesticides from polar and basic (methamidophos, acephate, omethoate, imazalil and thiabendazole) to less polar, such as pyrethrins. Samples of homogenized grape (lOg) are extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile. After shaking for 1 min, 4 g of anhydrous MgS04 and 1 g of NaCl are added and mixed. One milliliter of the acetonitrile aliquot is transferred to a 1.5 mL vial... 

MS (E represents collision energy) acquisition performed to obtain accurate relative molecular masses and fragment ions. QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe). 

An alternative sample preparation is based on the QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) technique [14]. In this the sample is extracted into acetonitrile and magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride and citrate buffer salts at pH 5-5.5 are added, the mixture is shaken and then centrifuged to separate the phases. When applied to honey [15] the samples, containing isoproturon-d6 as an internal standard, were diluted with water and homogenized before addition of the QuEChERS salts described above, and acetonitrile. After extraction, centrifugation... 

On the other hand, the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, originally developed for pesticide analysis [23], has been also applied to the determination of multiclass veterinary drugs in different food commodities [24—27], The conventional QuEChERS strategy applies acetonitrile extraction, followed by removal of water and proteins by salting out with sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate. Afterwards, dispersive SPE (d—SPE) is usually applied. The QuEChERS approach has many advantages, as it is simple and quick, reduces the... 

Acronyms d SPE dispersive solid-phase extraction HILIC hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography IT ion trap LLE liquid—liquid extraction MSPD matrix solid-phase dispersion PGC porous graphitized carbon PLE pressurized-liquid extraction PHWE pressurized hot-water extraction QqQ triple quadrupole QLIT quadrupole linear ion trap QuEChERS quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe TCA trichloroacetic acid UHPLC ultraperformance liquid chromatography ZIC ttILIC zwitterionic hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography. 

Stubbings G, Bigwood T. The development and validation of a multiclass liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry procedure for the determination of veterinary drug residues in animal tissue using a QuEChERS (QUick, Easy, CHeap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach. Anal Chim Acta 2009 637 68-78. 

QuEChERS, which stands for Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe, is one of those new-generation sample preparation methods for pesticide multiresidue analysis [1]. Although very recently introduced (development between 2000-2002, publication in 2003), the method has been widely embraced by the international pesticide residue analysts community and is already being used in numerous laboratories worldwide [2-6]. Aiming to deliver an economical and... 

Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is an SPE variant where samples are ground and mixed with a support. In the initial application, samples were placed in a disposable column previously packed with Florisil, which trapped the fat from the sample and allowed the compounds of interest to be eluted. This has successfully been applied to the determination of lipophilic pesticides from both fatty and non-fatty matrixes. Recently, an orthogonal technique, dispersive solid-phase extraction, for the isolation and analysis of a variety of pesticides on numerous food matrixes has been introduced. The technique is called QuEChERS, which stands for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe. The technique offers advantages in time and solvent usage since it uses approximately 10 ml of solvent per sample when compared to the potentially hundreds of milliliters of solvent used for more standard extraction and isolation protocols. It uses a combination of MgS04 and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent not only to remove water and non-target compounds, but also isolate the compounds of interest. 

Most of the extraction techniques of phenolic compounds from vegetables are based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [27,44,45], In addition, other techniques have been successfully applied to the pretreatment of phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables, including pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) [46], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [47], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [48], microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) [49], rotary shaker-assisted extraction (RAE), [50] and QuEChERS (acronym of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) [51], as can be observed in Tables 16.3 and 16.4. In some cases, an acid treatment [52] was applied to hydrolyze the glycosides in order to determine the content of free and conjugated flavonoids as aglycons. 

Paya, R, Anastassiades, M., Mack, D., Sigalova, I.,Tasdelen, B., Oliva, J., Barba, A. (2007) Analysis of pesticide residues using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in combination with gas and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 389,1697-1714. 

The extraction of milk samples was done by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method [13], modified by adding disodium ethylene-diaminetetraacetate dihydrate (Na2-EDTA). Without any further cleanup, the extract was separated on HPTLC silica gel plates modified by Na2-EDTA. The development was performed with chloroform/methanol/ammonium hydroxide solution (25%), 60/35/5 (v/v/v), followed by fluorescence densitometry (ELD) at 366 nm/<400 nm... 

Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe, acronym for a East and easy multi-residue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of pesticide residues in produce , www.quechers.com, M. Anastassiades, S.J. Lehotay, D. Stajnbaher and F.J. Schenck, J AOAC Int 86, (2003) 412. 

---