Pyrolysis of organic compounds

Pyridoxal 157,158,253 Pyridoxamine 253 Pyridoxine 253 Pyrimidines 266,438, 439 Pyrocatechol see 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene I ocatecholsulfophthalein 398 I ocatechol violet reagent 398 Pyrolysis of organic compounds 92, 96 a,y-Pyrone derivatives 288 Pyrrole alkaloids 66 Pyrrole derivatives 266, 269, 270 Pyruvic acid 426... 

PRODUCTS GENERATED BY THE CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS... 

Until recently, synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials was usually based on very harsh conditions such as electric arc discharge techniques [1], chemical vapor deposition [2], or catalytic pyrolysis of organic compounds [3]. In addition (excluding activated carbons), only little research has been done to synthesize and recognize the structure of carbon materials based on natural resources. This is somewhat hard to understand, as carbon structure synthesis has been practiced from the beginning of civilization on the base of biomass, with the petrochemical age only being a late deviation. A refined approach towards advanced carbon synthesis based on renewable resources would be significant, as the final products provide an important perspective for modern material systems and devices. 

The extraction of environmental or geological particulate matter with solvents, solvent mixtures or supercritical carbon dioxide is the preferred method, because it results in minimum alteration of its polar components, avoids hydrolysis of anhydrides, esters, etc. and is highly efficient for most organic compounds (even sugars). Other workers have reported the direct vaporization by thermal desorption or flash pyrolysis of organic compounds from particulate matter into GC, MS, or GC-MS instruments. Those methods work fine for neutral compounds (e.g. hydrocarbons) but should be used with caution when analyzing polar or labile compounds. 

Hurd, Pyrolysis of Organic Compounds. Chemical Catalog Co, New York (1929). 

Holtzer G. and Oro J. (1977) Pyrolysis of organic compounds in the presence of ammonia the Viking Mars Lander site alteration experiment. Org. Geochem. 1, 37-52. 

Biacetyl has often been used for sensitizing the pyrolysis of organic compounds" . Radicals, resulting from the thermal decomposition of biacetyl, initiate the chain decomposition of such substances. However, NO causes no inhibition of notable significance in such systems . Nevertheless, this cannot be considered as an evidence against the occurrence of chains, since the sensitized decompositions are definitely inhibited by, for instance, propene . 

Free radicals resulting from the pyrolysis of organic compounds containing P or N react with alkali metal atoms. Frequent replacement of the alkali source is stiU necessary. To overcome this drawback the alkali salt may be dissolved in water and introduced in the detector sensing volume as an aerosol or by means of a syringe pump. 

Parallel and Patterned Carbon Nanotubes by Pyrolysis of Organic Compounds... 

In summary, the catalytic route provides an interesting way to prepare carbon nanotubes with high yield and selectivity at relatively low synthesis temperature. The easy scale-up of the catalytic method allows one to ensure the mass production of these ID materials with reasonable cost for large scale applications. The development of different methods to produce carbon nanotubes in a controlled macroscopic shape and size, i.e. constraint synthesis, patterned and aligned carbon nanotubes forest by pyrolysis of organic compounds, avoids the formation of fines... 

Synthesis of carbon nitrides has been attempted for example by the pyrolysis of organic nitrogen-containing compounds such as melamine-formaldehyde resin and subsequent shock compression of the obtained residues [85]. However, no tetrahedral carbon nitride could be detected in the reaction products. In a similar approach, L. Maya et al. obtained a carbon nitride with trigonally coordinated carbon by the pyrolysis of organic compounds at 700°C and 225 MPa pressure... 

C. F. Cullis and A. C. Norris, The pyrolysis of organic compounds under conditions of carhon formation. Carbon 10(5), 525-537 (1972). 

The reductive pyrolysis of organic compounds in the presence of metals leads to the formation of the metal cyanide, which can be detected as Prussian blue (Fe4[Fe(CN)g]3) or by the copper(ii) acetate-benzidine test . Several metals and salts have been recommended for the fusion of the organic compound, e.g. potassium , sodium , magnesium mixed with potassium carbonate , zinc mixed with potassium carbonate , and a mixture of dextrose with sodium carbonate . When the compound contains sulphur the metal thiocyanate is also produced, which can be detected by ferric chloride . ... 

The term pyrolytic carbon does not describe the large range o/carbon materials obtained by thermal degradation (thermolysis, pyrolysis) of organic compounds when they are not... 

Identification of the organic species produced in the pyrolysis of organic compounds. The organic species produced from organic compounds as substrates were analyzed at the outlet of the reactor, using both GC-FID (Yanaco, G-2800) and GC-MS (Simazu, GC-17A-QP-5000). The latter detector was mainly used to detect heavy products (>50 a.m.u.). Products deposited on the reactor wall were recovered and analyzed by GC. 

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