Inhibition definition

When the time course of labeling was compared to the time course of inhibition for all of the PPIs, labeling of the cysteines in the TM5/TM6 region (either cysteine 813 or 822) correlated with inhibition. Definition of which of these two cysteines was labeled was done by using labeled omeprazole under transport... 

Attention should be paid to the fact that the ratio of Pd and phosphine ligand in active catalysts is crucial for determining the reaction paths. It is believed that dba is displaced completely with phosphines when Pd2(dba)3 is mixed with phosphines in solution. However the displacement is not eom-plcte[16]. Also, it should be considered that dba itself is a monodentate alkene ligand, and it may inhibit the coordination of a sterically hindered olefinic bond in substrates. In such a case, no reaction takes place, and it is recommended to prepare Pd(0) catalysts by the reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with a definite amount of phosphinesflO]. In this way a coordinatively unsaturated Pd(0) catalyst can be generated. Preparation of Pd3(tbaa)3 tbaa == tribenzylidene-acetylacetone) was reported[17], but the complex actually obtained was Pd(dba)2[l8],... 

The mechanism of antibacterial activity is through inhibition of gram-positive bacterial cell-wall synthesis thus, the penicillins are most effective against actively multiplying organisms. Because mammalian cells do not have a definitive cell-wall stmcture as do bacteria, the mammalian toxicity of the penicillins is low. Allergic phenomena in patients following sensitization may occur. 

Addition of about 0 04% arsenic will inhibit dezincification of a brasses in most circumstances and arsenical a brasses can be considered immune to dezincification for most practical purposes . There are conditions of exposure in which dezincification of these materials has been observed, e.g. when exposed outdoors well away from the sea , or when immersed in pure water at high temperature and pressure, but trouble of this type rarely arises in practice. In other conditions, e.g. in polluted sea-water, corrosion can occur with copper redeposition away from the site of initial attack, but this is not truly dezincification, which, by definition, requires the metallic copper to be produced in situ. The work of Lucey goes far in explaining the mechanism by which arsenic prevents dezincification in a brasses, but not in a-/3 brasses (see also Section 1.6). An interesting observation is that the presence of a small impurity content of magnesium will prevent arsenic in a brass from having its usual inhibiting effect . 

The mechanisms of corrosion inhibition will be described separately for acid and neutral solutions, since there are considerable differences in mechanisms between these two media. Definitions and classifications of inhibitors are given in Section 17.2 and by Fischer. ... 

Discussion. The turbidity of a dilute barium sulphate suspension is difficult to reproduce it is therefore essential to adhere rigidly to the experimental procedure detailed below. The velocity of the precipitation, as well as the concentration of the reactants, must be controlled by adding (after all the other components are present) pure solid barium chloride of definite grain size. The rate of solution of the barium chloride controls the velocity of the reaction. Sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid are added before the precipitation in order to inhibit the growth of microcrystals of barium sulphate the optimum pH is maintained and minimises the effect of variable amounts of other electrolytes present in the sample upon the size of the suspended barium sulphate particles. A glycerol-ethanol solution helps to stabilise the turbidity. The reaction vessel is shaken gently in order to obtain a uniform particle size each vessel should be shaken at the same rate and the same number of times. The unknown must be treated exactly like the standard solution. The interval between the time of precipitation and measurement must be kept constant. 

The term stress, when used in biology, has general connotations rather than a precise definition (Osmond et al., 1987). It is therefore most useful to apply the term stress in its more general sense as an overpowering pressure of some adverse force or influence (Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edn, 1983) that tends to inhibit normal systems from... 

In conclusion, it is apparent that the lack of definitive methods for assessment of free radicals in muscle and other tissues inhibits clear conclusions to be drawn concerning the relevance (or lack of relevance) of these substances in muscle pathology. In particular, the relevance of free radicals to the deficits in muscle function (fatigue and damage), which occur with exercise, is still unclear despite extensive study. This and other areas require much further examination. 

In their review some years ago, Reddy and Rao (1986) cited several lines of evidence for peroxisome-proliferation-mediated oxidative stress being associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. They mentioned the sustained increase in hydrogen peroxide production, the detectable increased levels of hydrogen peroxide in the livers of treated animals, increased lipid peroxidation associated with treatment and marked inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis by antioxidant compounds. However, definitive studies remain to be carried out. 

Since his early pioneering work on the rhizosphere (a term Hiltner used to describe specifically the interaction between bacteria and legume roots), our knowledge of the subject has greatly increased, and today perhaps a more appropriate definition of the rhizosphere is the field of action or influence of a root (1). The rhizosphere is generally considered to be a narrow zone of soil subject to the influence of living roots, where root exudates stimulate or inhibit microbial populations and their activities. The rhizoplane or root surface also provides a... 

By definition, biocides are used to kill or inhibit the growth of living organisms in industrial and consumer products. 

The beKavior of P. hysterophorus in the field would appear to fall under TKe classic definition of allelopathy as defined by Rice (4), i.e., this plant adversely affects other nearby vegetation by extruding chemicals which inhibit the growth of these other plants (5-10). 

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