Pyrolysis Braun

Abbt-Braun, G. (1992). A Spectroscopic characterization of humic substances in the ultraviolet and visible region. B Interpretation of the pyrolysis products of isolated humic and fulvic acid. In Progress in Hydrogeochemistry, Matthess, G., Frimmel, F., Hirsch, P., Schulz, H. D., and Usdowski, H.-E., eds., Springer, Berlin, A pp. 24-36 B pp. 46-51. 

Davies, N., Hill, W., and Kuckuk, R. (2002). Structural characterization of refractory organic substances by means of pyrolysis-GC/FTIR. In Refractory Organic Substances (ROS) in the Environment, Frimmel, F. H., Abbt-Braun, G, Heumann, K. G, Hock, B., Ltidemann, H.-D., and Spiteller, M., eds., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 232-238. 

Schartel B, Balabanovich AI, Braun U, Knoll U, Artner J, Ciesielski M, Doring M, Perez P, Sandler JKW, Altstadt V, Hoffmann T, Pospiech D. Pyrolysis of epoxy resins and fire behaviour of epoxy resin composites flame-retarded with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide additives. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007 104 2260-2269. 

Fichera MA, Braun U, Schartel B, Sturm H, Knoll U, Jager C, Solid-state NMR investigations of the pyrolysis and thermo-oxidative decomposition products of a polystyrene/red phosphorus/magnesium hydroxide system. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2007 78 378-386. 

Figure 1 shows a computational framework, representing many years of Braun s research and development efforts in pyrolysis technology. Input to the system is a data base including pilot, commercial and literature sources. The data form the basis of a pyrolysis reactor model consistent with both theoretical and practical considerations. Modern computational techniques are used in the identification of model parameters. The model is then incorporated into a computer system capable of handling a wide range of industrial problems. Some of the applications are reactor design, economic and flexibility studies and process optimization and control. 

In a previous publication (12,13) the development of pyrolysis models for gas and liquid feeds was discussed. In a more recent paper, Shu and Ross (14) described a generalized model for predicting the rate of thermal decomposition of naphthas. These models become key components of Braun s computational system. 

Figure 3. Examples of inputs and outputs, Brauns pyrolysis program FP60...

PROBLEM CLASSIFICATIONS BRAUN PYROLYSIS PROGRAM PF60... 

Braun s computer system PF60 is a useful tool for designing and simulating pyrolysis reactors. It provides sufficient flexibility to accommodate a wide range of problems. The solution method employed is numerically accurate, efficient and stable. Its capability has been fully demonstrated by the three industrial applications discussed in this paper. 

The plant is controlled by a process computer (ABB-Hartmann and Braun) and equipped with numerous data-collecting instruments. Surveillance is carried out by continuous analysis of the room air as well as by explosion-limit controls. The pyrolysis gas is analyzed automatically by a gas chromatograph. All data obtained are registered to enable calculation of energy and mass balances. Some basic components are continuously monitored by infrared spectroscopy, i.e. ethylene in the pyrolysis gas, sulphur dioxide and oxygen in the exhaust gas. 

Burnham A. K., Braun R. L., Gregg H. R., and Samoun A. M. (1987) Comparison of methods for measuring kerogen pyrolysis rates and fitting kinetic parameters. Energy Fuels... 

BurnhamA.K., Schmidt B.J., Braun R.L. (1995) A test of the parallel reaction model using kinetic measurements on hydrous pyrolysis residues. Org. Geochem. 23, 931-9. 

Ahht-Braun, G., Erimmel, E. H., and Schulten, H.-R., Structural investigations of aquatic humic substances hy pyrolysis-field ionization MS and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Water Res., 23, 1579-1591, 1989. 

Braun, R. L., Burnham, A. K. Reynolds, J. G. 1992. Oil and gas evolution kinetics for oil shale and petroleum source rocks determined from pyrolysis TQMS data at two heating rates. Energy and Fuels, 6(4), 468 74. 

The pyrolysis test involves heating a sample of plastic contained in a glass test tube (Braun, 1996). This test mainly provides information about the type of residue formed, if any, but all the measurements made during the bum test... 

This order, which is similar to that of volatile matter in the parent coals, reflects the comparative yields of extractable material from the pyrolysis of these coals (Braun et al., 1987). 

Braun, A.G., Womat, M.J., Mitra, A., and Sarofim, A.F. 1987. Organic emissions fromeoal pyrolysis Mutagenic effects. Environmental Health Perspectives, 73 215-221. 

A metal specimen is suspended in the extracted volatiles for 24 hours at room temperature. A similar apparatus was used by Mahler [7] and Braun and Maelhammar [15] in order to test for corrosion at elevated temperatures and pressures. A disadvantage of vacuum pyrolysis is the fact that the corrosion conditions are different from those existing in the actual extrusion process. This drawback is reduced in the test procedure used by Knappe and Mahler [9]. 

Notably Braun and co orkers have developed a useful aid for polymer analy, involving relatively crude pyrolysis in a test tube and subsequent manual transfer of... 

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